Editing Rosharan subastral

{{location
|image=Row_US_Cover_Cropped.jpeg
|occupied=[[Fused]]
|world=Roshar
|universe=[[Cosmere]]
|books=[[The Stormlight Archive]]
}}
{{exemplary|date=2022-05-22}}
{{for|Cognitive Realm|the Cognitive Realm in general|pre=This article is about the Cognitive Realm region specific to [[Roshar]]}}

{{quote
|You and the others, refer to Shadesmar as the world of the spren, and the Physical Realm as '''your''' world. Or the '''real''' world. That is not true. We are not two worlds, but one. And we are not two peoples, but one. Humans. Spren. Two halves. Neither complete.
|[[Pattern]] musing about Shadesmar{{book ref|sa4|75}}
}}

'''Shadesmar''' is the Rosharan subastral in the [[Cognitive Realm]].{{wob ref|4445}} It encompasses the entirety of the [[Rosharan system]]{{wob ref|14144}}{{wob ref|2262}} and is the kingdom and birthplace of [[spren]].{{book ref|sa3|89}} 

Shadesmar is the colloquial name{{wob ref|7199}} of the Rosharan subastral{{wob ref|5814}} and also the Rosharan translation of "Cognitive Realm".{{wob ref|3010}} Although other worlds have their own words for "Cognitive Realm", when these get magically translated to another language, it results in the name "Shadesmar", even if not in reference to the Rosharan subastral.{{wob ref|10305}} Shadesmar, as coined and used by Rosharans, is also used in [[Silverlight]] as the [[cosmere]] standard.{{wob ref|10305}} 

== Locations ==
{{for|/Gallery|more images}}
The Rosharan subastral is part of a single infinite plane{{wob ref|8594}} that connects to the other subastrals in the [[cosmere]] by regions that are locally known as ''Expanses''.{{map ref|Shadesmar}} Moving far enough in the direction of an Expanse, will take you to another world in the cosmere.{{wob ref|1392}}{{wob ref|1540}} The four Expanses at the edge of the Rosharan subastral are;

{{image|Shadesmar (TWoK).jpg|side=right|width=650px|Shadesmar Map}}

{{columns|count=1|
*[[Expanse of the Vapors]] - leads to Scadrial{{wob ref|1392}}
*[[Expanse of the Densities]] - leads to Sel{{wob ref|8595}}
*[[Expanse of Vibrance]]: - possibly leads to Nalthis{{wob ref|12656}}
*[[Expanse of the Broken Sky]] - Unknown <!--there are several theories of which planet corresponds to this Expanse, but Brandon has not confirmed anything. Until there is confirmation, this should be left as 'Unknown'-->
}}

Other locations in Shadesmar include;
{{columns|count=2|
*[[Nexus of Imagination]]
*[[Nexus of Truth]]
*[[Nexus of Transition]]
*[[Sea of Regret]]
*[[Sea of Souls]]
*[[Sea of Lost Lights]]
}}


It is possible{{wob ref|13234}} to cross between diametrical points on [[Roshar]] by utilizing the Cognitive Realm, however, it would be difficult.{{wob ref|12721}} 

=== Notable Locations ===
True [[spren]] live in a number of cities and other settlements in Shadesmar. Some of these cities are inhabited and ruled by a single type of spren,{{book ref|sa2|3}}{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa3|108}} however, not all [[Spren#True_Spren|Radiant spren]] have their own kingdom.{{book ref|sa2.5|2}} [[Cryptic]]s are known to rule one of the greater cities in Shadesmar,{{book ref|sa2|3}} and the [[honorspren]] have control of multiple locations.{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa3|108}} [[Cultivationspren]], however, rule no cities in the realm.{{book ref|sa2.5|2}} A clan of [[Horneater]]s live permanently in Shadesmar, presumably nearby to [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]].{{book ref|sa4|75}}

{{columns|count=1|
*[[Celebrant]] - a prominent trading port that can be found in the [[Sea of Lost Lights]]
*[[Lasting Integrity]] - the honorspren capital, located in the [[Sea of Souls]]
*[[Unyielding Fidelity]] - an honorspren stronghold located near [[Kharbranth]]
*[[Nameless]] - a small trading village in the Sea of Souls
}}

== Geography and Ecology ==
=== Environment ===
The Cognitive Realm is an inverse reflection of the [[Physical Realm]], with Shadesmar's bodies of "water" mirroring land in the Physical Realm, and Cognitive Realm land being the reflection of oceans, rivers, and lakes. In the Rosharan subastral, "water" is made up of small beads that represent the cognitive aspects of physical world objects, while the land is created out of obsidian.{{book ref|sa2|7}}{{book ref|sa3|87}}{{book ref|sa3|89}} 

{{image|RoW_US_cover_art.jpg|side=right|width=400px|[[Shallan]] and [[Adolin]] in Shadesmar}}

Shadesmar overlays the Physical Realm,{{book ref|sa2|1}} however, as the Cognitive Realm is more compact,{{book ref|sa4|i|2}} locations do not map one to one between the two realms.{{wob ref|13234}} As the realm forms based on people’s perception of objects and space, the vertical dimension,{{book ref|sa4|22}} space between planets,{{wob ref|5671}}{{wob ref|1392}} and unknown locations in the Physical Realm,{{wob ref|4132}}{{wob ref|5671}} are particularly compressed. Shadesmar geography does not need to be based off naturally occurring Physical Realm geology, and can also form as a reflection of man-made land or water sources.{{wob ref|11870}}

The sky in Shadesmar is pitch black{{book ref|sa2|7}} with no moon or stars.{{book ref|sa3|95}}{{book ref|sa4|22}} On the horizon sits a small, frail,{{book ref|sa4|22}} white sun,{{book ref|sa1|45}}{{book ref|sa2|1}} that provides enough light to illuminate the lands but not the sky, despite appearing almost too weak to achieve even this.{{book ref|sa4|22}} The sun does not move or change regardless of time of day or distance traveled - because of this, Shadesmar does not have any natural day and night cycle.{{book ref|sa3|91}}{{book ref|sa3|95}}{{book ref|Sa4|24}} Shadesmar has a natural atmosphere with a breathable atmosphere due to air permeating into the Cognitive from the Physical Realm.{{wob ref|9512}}

Long, straight,{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} flat{{book ref|sa3|116}} clouds run directly towards the sun{{book ref|sa2|prologue}}  and give the impression that the object is at the end of a long tunnel.{{book ref|sa1|48}} It is possible for these clouds to appear and disappear and this may be related to which angle they are observed from.{{book ref|sa4|26}} The clouds are also corporeal and are sometimes used as landing pads for types of flying spren. When utilized this way, the spren disrupt the cloud patterns.{{book ref|sa4|34}}

Shadows behave strangely in Shadesmar, depending on the source of light that is creating them. Shadows cast by the sun will point towards it instead of away,{{book ref|sa2|7}}{{book ref|sa4|22}} while those cast by manifested fire will point away from the light source as would occur in the Physical Realm.{{book ref|sa3|97}} Backward shadows occur on rare occasions in the Physical Realm, and are related in some way to Shadesmar.{{wob ref|467}}{{book ref|sa2|prologue}}{{book ref|sa2|i|3}} 

The land in Shadesmar is made of a glassy, black obsidian. Because of the nature of this material, the ground is cold to touch{{book ref|sa3|117}} and it is easy to move quietly.{{book ref|sa3|97}} The ground can be used as a resource if necessary,{{book ref|sa3|110}}{{book ref|sa4|26}} although it is difficult to remove chunks of obsidian as it shatters if struck incorrectly.{{book ref|sa4|26}} The spren rarely use obsidian as a building material because of this difficulty, although they occasionally create weaponry from it. To access pieces of usable obsidian, pickaxes are needed. Once removed, the obsidian is able to be [[Soulcast]], and is easily persuaded to change into other materials.{{book ref|sa4|21}}{{book ref|sa4|26}} 

It is common to find peninsulas in Shadesmar as they are the mirror of Physical Realm rivers. The depth of the river does not dictate the depth of the peninsula and in most cases one would not be able to swim underneath the peninsula.{{wob ref|11365}} Channels are sometimes cut in these sections of land to create more convenient sea routes for travelers and traders.{{book ref|sa3|108}}{{map ref|Sea of Lost Lights}} Lighthouses can be found at the end of these peninsulas to signal to passing ships that they are close to land and that they should beware of hidden rocks.{{book ref|sa3|110}} These lighthouses are also trade waypoints where ships can deliver goods or restock supplies for their ongoing journey.{{book ref|sa3|95}} 

==== Shadesmar Oceans ====
Instead of water, Shadesmar oceans, rivers, and lakes are made of small, translucent,{{book ref|sa2|1}} dark glass beads,{{book ref|sa1|45}}{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} approximately the size of the tip of an index finger,{{book ref|sa4|22}} a bean, or a fingernail.{{wob ref|8533}} Each of these beads represent the soul of a non-living item in the Physical Realm,{{book ref|sa3|89}} and have a very basic consciousness that is able to communicate its primal intent. The beads cannot always be understood and some spren are able to act as translators between beads and other parties.{{book ref|sa2|7}} Beads can be removed from their location in the ocean and taken anywhere within Shadesmar, regardless of where its corresponding item is in the Physical Realm, as the body and mind of the object are connected via the [[Spiritual Realm]].{{book ref|sa3|108}} The beads must be stored securely, however, to prevent them from returning on their own to the corresponding location of their item.{{book ref|sa3|108}} Consuming a bead and transitioning to the Physical Realm would have a negative effect.{{wob ref|12032}} There are no beads that represent the power of the [[Shard]]s in the system.{{wob ref|14026}}

{{sidequote
|He was left with only the endless view of the ocean. It bent his mind to think about those beads. The souls of all the objects that made up the physical world. Churning and mixing together, forming waves and surging tides, each composed of small beads no wider than his index finger.
|[[Adolin]] musing on the Shadesmar ocean{{book ref|sa4|22}}
|side=left|size=350px
}}

It is possible to gain impressions from beads of what object they represent{{book ref|sa2|prologue}}{{wob ref|6642}} - this is more easily done by those who are [[Investiture#Investiture_of_Humans|Invested]],{{book ref|sa3|89}}{{book ref|sa3|93}} however, there is still an element of natural talent with some people being better suited to the task than others.{{book ref|sa4|26}} [[Investiture]] is not needed to get impressions or visualize the souls of the beads,{{book ref|sa3|108}} although the beads are attracted to Investiture and will swarm someone who holds it if they are able to sense it.{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} Impressions will match the magnitude of the object, with larger, older, and/or grander objects threatening to overwhelm the person holding the bead.{{book ref|sa3|89}} As well as this, the weight of each bead is related, but not equal, to the physical object it represents, with souls for larger objects being deceptively heavier than they appear.{{book ref|sa2|7}} 

Investiture, such as [[Stormlight]], can be detected by the beads if contained in a gemstone, or held by a [[Knights Radiant|Radiant]]. The degree that the beads can sense Investiture from a Knights Radiant is dependent on the Order, with some being less "detectable" than others.{{book ref|sa3|89}} Because of the reaction of the Shademar ocean beads, it can be dangerous for [[Surgebinder]]s to use their powers while in the Realm, lest they draw the beads - and dangerous spren - to themselves and their companions.{{book ref|sa3|89}} Despite these issues, traveling Shadesmar without sufficient Stormlight is unwise as it is the currency of the realm and can be used by the spren to heal if required.{{book ref|sa4|36}}{{book ref|sa3|97}} It is unclear if the Shadesmar beads can be infused with Stormlight.{{wob ref|10295}}{{wob ref|10290}}

If fed Stormlight by a [[Order of Lightweavers|Lightweaver]] or [[Elsecaller]], the beads can be used to build objects based on visualization of the soul of a specific bead.{{wob ref|14422}} The beads will fit together with the source bead to form a lattice like structure until the object has formed.{{book ref|sa3|89}}{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} These objects can be load bearing,{{book ref|sa3|89}} even when they would not be in the Physical Realm, and the entire object does not need to be created.{{book ref|sa2|prologue}}  Some creations can move on their own, though not very well.{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} Creations of larger or more solid objects, may be more difficult to relocate without first collapsing the structure, while smaller ones can be moved around more easily. Stormlight can be reclaimed from these creations, although not all is returned to the user.{{book ref|sa3|89}}

Stormlight can be used on the beads to manifest objects from the Physical Realm.{{book ref|sa3|117}} These objects can be reinfused so that they will last longer.{{book ref|sa4|26}} The skill of the manifester determines the length of time the item will remain in the realm,{{book ref|sa4|26}} although the ability to manifest objects is rare,{{book ref|sa4|26}} can be quite dangerous,{{book ref|sa3|108}} and is rather draining.{{book ref|sa4|26}}

Like with water, it is possible to drown if pulled under the beads, as they will swarm beings if they make contact and will attempt to force their way into a person's mouth and throat,{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} causing them to suffocate.{{book ref|sa1|70}} It is not possible to swim through the beads as they provide no buoyancy, and instead people will sink into what feels like a viscous liquid.{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} There is an underwater current that moves the beads,{{book ref|sa3|93}}{{book ref|sa3|99}} that is stronger than what would normally be found in Physical Realm oceans.{{book ref|sa4|26}}

=== Flora and Fauna ===
==== Flora ====
There is a variety of plant life in Shadesmar, which, like in the Physical Realm, appears to differ based on region. Plants and trees are made of different types of glass or crystal and can be a variety of colors.{{book ref|sa2|7}}{{book ref|sa3|95}}{{book ref|sa3|110}} While a number of these plants are brittle and will shatter if touched, some are sturdier and are less prone to breaking.{{book ref|sa3|95}} While some plants and trees share the same general physical shape as flora in the [[Physical Realm]], others, such as mushroom trees, are much more alien.{{book ref|sa3|97}} Fully fledged forests can be found in the south of Shadesmar, both near the [[Oathgate#Thaylenah|Thaylenah Oathgate]]{{book ref|sa3|116}} and near [[Lasting Integrity]].{{book ref|sa4|75}}

==== Fauna ====
Physical Realm creatures can also be found in the Cognitive, having been brought through a perpendicularity.{{book ref|sa3|102}} While most Physical Realm animals seem to appear as they would in their natural habitat, [[Ryshadium]] trail a faint afterimage.{{book ref|sa4|22}}

An animal exists in the Cognitive Realm that vaguely resembles a horse, and is used in a similar manner, by [[Spren#True_Spren|true spren]].{{book ref|sa4|34}}

=== Beings ===
{{quote
|Those flames are the souls of people, while these spheres represent the souls of objects. Yes, there are huge philosophical implications in that. Let’s try to ignore them, shall we? 
|Shallan explaining Shadesmar{{book ref|sa3|89}}
}}

Living beings reflect in Shadesmar as small flames.{{book ref|sa2|7}}{{book ref|sa1|45}} These flames differ in size between species{{book ref|sa2|7}} and although they are often found hovering just above the Shadesmar ground,{{book ref|sa3|87}} they can also be found at different elevations depending on their location in the Physical Realm.{{book ref|sa4|22}} The flames do not produce heat,{{book ref|sa3|89}} however, they do produce light.{{book ref|sa1|70}} 

If someone is corrupted, their soul will turn red.{{book ref|sa3|116}} The souls of [[Fused]] appear as a twisted humanoid shape that shimmer with dark light before the Fused has taken over a physical body,{{book ref|sa3|116}} and after taking a host, will resemble a dark flame that pulses like a beating heart.{{book ref|sa4|11}} The type of form that a [[singer]] is wearing is distinguishable through viewing their Cognitive aspect based on the [[spren]] they hold in their [[gemheart]], and it is easy to tell if they are a Fused, [[Regal]], or ordinary singer. It is also possible to tell apart the different brands of Fused by viewing their cognitive aspect.{{book ref|sa4|11}} 

If someone is to die in the Physical Realm, their soul flame will disappear. Although the deceased does not seemingly appear in Shadesmar after they die, as they do in the [[Cognitive_Realm#Scadrial|Scadrial subastral]], it may be that they are just not visible to regular people, and one would need to be a [[Cognitive Shadow]] themselves to see the newly departed soul.{{book ref|sa3|89}}{{wob ref|11427}} Similar to the beads, touching a soul flame will give the impression of the person it represents and it is possible to feel their emotions and general thoughts.{{book ref|sa3|89}} 

Singers are closer to the Cognitive Realm than humans and this, in part, is what allows them to change forms.{{epigraph ref|sa2|32}} [[Lift]] is also unique in that she exists partially in the Cognitive, which allows her to physically touch spren when it shouldn't be possible.{{book ref|Sa2|i|9}}

==== Spren ====
:''Main article:'' [[Spren]]

Shadesmar is predominantly populated by spren, with [[Spren#True_Spren|true spren]] organized in civilizations and [[Spren#Lesser_Spren|lesser spren]] roaming wild, similar to animals as they would be found in the Physical Realm.{{book ref|sa4|22}} Many of these lesser spren live within the bead ocean{{book ref|sa3|89}} as they are drawn to human populations that are in the equivalent location in the other realm.{{book ref|sa3|101}} There is a regionality to the spread of spren types and certain spren may be more commonly found in different areas.{{wob ref|14430}} The number of spren in Shadesmar help to act as "release valves" for Honor’s splintered power, due to their nature as [[Splinter]]s.{{wob ref|4129}}

{{image|Spren_by_Marie_Seeberger.jpg|side=left|width=300px|[[Spren]] in their Shadesmar forms}}

Many of the spren that live in the oceans are emotion spren, with several types considered quite dangerous.{{book ref|sa3|89}} Lesser spren, such as [[mandras]] can only travel so far away from human population centers in the Physical Realm before they will begin to die.{{book ref|sa3|99}}  The specific types of lesser spren that can be found in Shadesmar are tied into the natures of the two [[Shards]] on [[Roshar]], [[Cultivation]] and [[Honor]].{{wob ref|6134}}

Like in the Physical Realm, true spren do not tire from activities{{book ref|sa3|95}} nor do they require sleep or food.{{book ref|sa3|91}} They can "feed" off emotion{{book ref|sa3|91}} and [[Stormlight]]{{book ref|sa4|26}} if it is available. Spren children can be created by [[Investiture]] coalescing in one place in Shadesmar and becoming sapient, however, this is a very rare occurrence and sometimes take hundreds of years. Children will look approximately the same as their elders and do not grow in the same fashion that human or singer children do.{{book ref|sa3|102}} If a spren is cut by a [[Shardblade]] in the Physical Realm they will eventually re-form in Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa4|44}} However, if they are hurt enough in the Cognitive Realm it can cause their minds to break and the spren will become akin to a deadeyes.{{book ref|sa4|35}} This can be undone by feeding spren a large quantity of Stormlight.{{book ref|sa4|90}} Lesser spren do feed specifically on Stormlight.{{book ref|sa3|89}} 

Spren physically reside in Shadesmar and, unlike in the Physical Realm, have mass and substance.{{book ref|sa3|91}} Lesser spren can be pulled through to the Physical Realm if they are strongly attracted by an emotion or natural phenomena,{{book ref|sa2|1}}{{book ref|sa2|7}} while true spren can choose to transition their mind. Generally, only part of a spren, lesser or true, moves through to the Physical Realm; as such, most humans have never viewed the real bodies of the spren.{{book ref|sa2|3}}{{book ref|sa3|87}} While in Shadesmar, true spren do not need a [[Nahel bond]] to remain sapient.{{book ref|sa3|91}} The bodies of spren will physically change if corrupted by [[Sja-anat]].{{book ref|sa3|97}} Effects such as rippling clothing and hair that occur for some spren in the Physical Realm, do not occur in Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa3|97}} 

The only time spren can voluntarily transfer their whole self into the Physical, is when they become Shardblades. When not in Blade form, a true spren’s physical body will present in Shadesmar, even though their mind has crossed over to another realm.{{book ref|sa2|7}} This partial transition is often why Radiant spren can remain invisible if they choose, although there is a level of skill that is involved with both appearing and disappearing from sight.{{book ref|sa2|i|9}} These spren will also still be visible in the Cognitive Realm even if they have become invisible in the other realm.{{book ref|sa4|11}}

Spren that have transitioned have barely any substance in the Physical making it difficult to touch them, and in some cases it should be impossible.{{book ref|sa2|i|9}} When Radiant spren first transition their minds from Shadesmar, they lose much of their mind and memory,{{book ref|sa2|7}} and risk losing their sapience.{{book ref|sa1|11}} This memory loss differs between spren and/or likely returns at different rates.{{book ref|sa2|i|9}}{{book ref|sa4|22}} Returning to the Cognitive Realm does not restore their memories completely, however, spren do appear to gain a certain amount of recognition about their surroundings{{book ref|sa3|95}} and some memories of the realm upon returning to Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa3|93}} It is possible for an unbonded true spren to return to the Cognitive Realm, although it is unknown how a spren would do this or whether any effects they have suffered in the Physical Ream would be reversed.{{book ref|sa4|67}}

Not all lesser spren reside in Shadesmar, with those that are more suited to primarily the Physical Realm, such as [[windspren]], rarely being seen in the Cognitive.{{book ref|sa3|108}} Lesser spren that live in the Cognitive can still be attracted by their individual attribute or emotion, which can pose a threat to travelers if a violent or vicious emotion spren is drawn to the group.{{book ref|sa3|110}}{{book ref|sa3|93}}{{book ref|sa3|95}} Unlike in the Physical Realm, both humans and spren can draw the attention of nearby emotion spren.{{book ref|sa3|95}}{{book ref|sa4|36}} Spren that are inhabiting a creature, can also be seen separate to the creature’s soul flame if viewed in Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa4|60}}

===== Spren as Fabrials =====
Sapient spren that have transitioned themselves to the Physical Realm, including [[Spren#Odium.27s_Influence|corrupted spren]],{{book ref|sa4|19}} to become [[fabrial]]s{{book ref|sa4|9}}{{book ref|sa4|19}} and [[Soulcaster]]s{{book ref|sa4|9}} still manifest in the Cognitive Realm. Soulcaster spren are small and unresponsive, and appear in Shadesmar with their eyes closed,{{book ref|sa4|9}} while corrupted spren have more of an ability to communicate and are more aware of their surroundings.{{book ref|sa4|19}} 

==== Urithiru and the Sibling ====
{{sidequote
|The mother-of-pearl radiance didn’t exactly mimic the shape of the tower, but had a more crystalline feel to it. Except it wasn’t physical, but light. Radiant, resplendent, and brilliant.
|[[Adolin]] marveling at the [[Sibling]]{{book ref|sa4|22}}
|side=right|size=350px
}}

In Shadesmar, the [[Sibling]] resembles a shimmering mountain of bright light. Similar to the [[Highstorm]], the Sibling has a mother of pearl or iridescent coloring as well as a crystalline feel. While the Sibling does not completely take the shape of [[Urithiru]], they do form a vague approximation. A large number of emotion spren can generally be found around the tower in the Cognitive Realm, due to the number of beings that occupy the space in the Physical Realm. Despite the light given off by the tower, the Sibling casts no shadow.{{book ref|sa4|22}}

Spren can be harder to see when peaking into Shadesmar, due to the light given off by the Sibling, although it is not impossible to see regular spren{{book ref|sa4|39}} or [[Voidspren]].{{book ref|sa4|51}} The tower has some form of protection in Shadesmar against the more violent types of spren, who could be a danger to anyone in the Cognitive Realm and vicinity.{{book ref|sa4|22}}

Urithiru sits at a higher elevation than the bead ocean and ramps can be found spiraling down from the [[Oathgate]] platforms, for those who need to reach the ocean below. Because of Shadesmar’s compressed space, the distance from the top of the Oathgate pillar to the ocean is smaller than it would be in the Physical Realm. The glow from the tower, though not the tower itself, can be seen from sea level.{{book ref|sa4|22}}

==== Unmade ====
Many of the [[Unmade]] exists within the space between the Cognitive and Physical Realm, and were deliberately trapped there by [[Odium]].{{book ref|sa4|i|2}} They are able to see into both, however the corporality of their form in either realm differs between individuals.{{book ref|Sa4|i|2}}{{book ref|sa3|89}}{{book ref|sa3|84}} Different Unmade may have varying levels of control over which plane they exist in at any given time, and how much they can move around the different realms.{{book ref|Sa4|i|2}}{{book ref|sa3|89}}{{book ref|sa3|84}}{{book ref|sa2|i|14}}

=== Climate ===
Weather patterns in Shadesmar differ to those from the Physical Realm, and are not based on temperature or precipitation.{{book ref|sa4|75}} As such, travelers and residents of the Cognitive Realm do not need shelters that are equipped to deal with storms or bad weather.{{book ref|sa4|26}} There is also no wind in Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa3|97}}{{book ref|sa3|116}}

Instead of physical patterns, the Shadesmar weather has a direct effect on the emotions and wellbeing of spren, causing them to feel invigorated on some days and dreary and weighed down on others. Both true spren and lesser spren are affected by these weather patterns, with lesser spren becoming aggravated depending on the weather.{{book ref|sa4|75}}{{book ref|sa4|87}} This phenomenon is also seen with the passing Highstorm, which provides true spren with energy and helps to revitalize them.{{book ref|sa3|110}}

==== Types of Weather Patterns ====
===== Crystalline Day =====
On a crystalline day, a faint violet-pink shimmering haze can be seen in the air in the far distance. Plants are also affected on these days and will grow faster, with changes being visible to the naked eye. Before plant growth occurs, a faint shimmer can be seen in the surrounding air. Pink crystal fuzz will also spontaneously grow on objects before spreading over nearby surfaces.{{book ref|sa4|75}}

===== Energetic Weather =====
One type of weather energizes the true spren, who become chattier and visibly more cheerful. The spren can hear a faint drumming in the back of their mind during this weather, which sounds upbeat and energetic.{{book ref|sa4|87}}

===== Highstorm =====
{{quote
|He rode in a shimmering, rippling surge of colors. Around him, the clouds streamed past at incredible speed, coming alight with those colors. Pulsing with them, as if to a beat.
|[[Kaladin]] riding the [[Highstorm]] after touching [[Riino]]'s globe{{book ref|sa3|97}}
}}

The Highstorm appears as ripples and vibrant colors in the sky, with shimmering clouds that are an ethereal luminescence.{{book ref|sa3|97}} There is a pulse to the Highstorm, that may be similar in nature to the beat heard by true spren during other weather events.{{book ref|sa3|97}} Spheres do not get infused with Stormlight whlie in the Cognitive Realm.{{book ref|sa4|29}}

The three realms blend together within the Highstorm, and an Invested person can briefly see into the Spiritual Realm if they are able to access the storm via Shadesmar. However, it does not appear possible to access the Physical Realm using this method.{{book ref|sa3|97}} The Stormfather is able to sense someone accessing the realms through the Highstorm in the Cognitive Realm, however, this is not a common occurrence.{{book ref|sa3|107}} This connection is not two ways, however, and the person in the storm cannot sense the Stormfather.{{book ref|sa3|97}}

=== Perpendicularity ===
==== Honor's Perpendicularity ====
{{image|I_am_Unity.jpg|side=right|width=250px|Dalinar opening Honor's Perpendicularity}}

[[Honor's Perpendicularity]], also referred to as Honor’s path,{{book ref|sa4|111}} is an unstable portal{{book ref|sa3|93}} that can allow for transport between the Physical and Cognitive Realm. It moves around Shadesmar randomly, however, can be summoned by both Dalinar and [[Ishar]].{{book ref|sa3|119}}{{book ref|sa4|111|Ishar}} The Stormfather can feel when the perpendicularity is opened, except when done by Ishar.{{book ref|sa4|111}} The [[Fused]] also appear to be negatively affected by the perpendicularity.{{book ref|sa3|119}}

The size of it when opened can be controlled{{book ref|sa4|47}} and the perpendicularity often, but not always, shrouds the summoner in a bright, almost impenetrable light. This light is also blinding to the summoner from their place within the perpendicularity, with people in the vicinity being hard to see.{{book ref|sa4|111}} Some people and objects, however, such as Ishar and [[Nightblood]], can be seen clearly when they are within the perpendicularity.{{book ref|sa4|111}} In Shadesmar, Honor’s Perpendicularity forms as a brilliant glowing pillar. If forming above the ocean, the perpendicularity will create a path from itself towards the land so it can be reached, by locking the beads together into a solid object.{{book ref|sa3|119}} It is quite taxing to hold open.{{book ref|sa4|3}}{{book ref|sa4|111}} The perpendicularity can be consumed by Nightblood if he is drawn within it. If he is stabbed into its center, the perpendicularity will be closed but not destroyed.{{book ref|sa4|111}} 

When the perpendicularity is summoned, Shadesmar is visible to the summoner{{epigraph ref|sa3|5}} and certain individuals in their proximity,{{book ref|sa4|3}} although not everyone who is a passive witness can see through to the other realm.{{book ref|sa4|6}}{{book ref|sa4|5}} The rhythms and tones of Roshar, can be heard when the perpendicularity is opened.{{book ref|sa4|3}}{{book ref|sa4|6}} 

The perpendicularity forms during each Highstorm,{{book ref|sa3|64}} however does not appear to be the storm itself.{{wob ref|1525}}{{book ref|sa3|119}} This allows for the renewal of gemstones, due to the perpendicularity exposing gems and spheres to the [[Spiritual Realm]].{{book ref|sa3|64}} 

When moving freely of its own accord, Honor’s Perpendicularity is considered to be unpredictable and dangerous and will appear randomly at different points across the Cognitive Realm.{{book ref|sa3|93}} Due to its wild nature, guides advise against travelers trying to locate it.{{book ref|sa3|93}}

It is potentially possible to open Honor’s Perpendicularity at Urithiru, however, it requires strong magical abilities, and may not be possible if a [[Bondsmith]] is below the Fourth Ideal. There is both a measure of strength and a measure of skill required.{{book ref|sa4|101}}

==== Cultivation's Perpendicularity ====
[[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]] resides in the [[Horneater Peaks]],{{book ref|sa2|46}} with clans of [[Unkalaki]] living on both sides of the portal.{{book ref|sa4|13}} Although it is a working waypoint between the realms, the Horneaters that guard the perpendicularity are not amenable to travelers, though some worldhoppers have gained access to the portal and transitioned between the different planes.{{book ref|sa3|93}}{{book ref|sa2|46}} It is unclear whether this is with the permission of the Unkalaki people. 

As there are Physical Realm items that pass through Shadesmar, it is possible that some level of trade is allowed by the Horneater people, though they are selective of who can trade through the perpendicularity.{{book ref|sa4|13}} The [[Dawnshard]] is known to have arrived on [[Roshar]] through Cultivation's Perpendicularity.{{book ref|sa3.5|14}}

== History ==
=== Early History ===
Prior to the [[Recreance]], the [[spren]] and humans had a good relationship. The [[Order_of_Elsecallers|Elsecallers]] were the primary liaisons, however, they would often bring along others to assist them when they interacted and visited the spren.{{epigraph ref|sa2|53}} Written treaties were also formed during this time.{{book ref|sa4|94}}

Shortly before the Recreance, as the [[Sibling]] was retreating, they ordered the [[Oathgate]]s to be closed and locked so that people would no longer be able to transfer between realms.{{book ref|sa4|22}}{{book ref|sa3|116}} Losing this means of transportation, likely severely decreased the number of Rosharans accessing the realm, eventually leading to Shadesmar becoming a myth amongst the cultures who lived in [[Physical Realm]].{{book ref|sa2|prologue}}

At some point, the [[honorspren]] tried to take over Shadesmar, and warred with other spren groups, including the [[inkspren]].{{book ref|sa3|47}}{{book ref|sa3|99}}{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa4|20}}

=== Modern History ===
[[Cryptic]]s began, at some point, to flock to the Shadesmar location equivalent to [[Kharbranth]].{{book ref|sa1|29}}{{book ref|sa1|42}}{{book ref|sa1|45}}{{book ref|sa1|48}}

Following the escape of [[Syl]] from [[Lasting Integrity]],{{book ref|sa3|102}} posters of Syl were placed in some, if not all, port cities in Shadesmar by the honorspren in an attempt to have her found and returned to the capital.{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa3|99}}
{{image|Jasnah_by_Audrey_Hotte.png|side=left|width=280px|[[Jasnah]] returning from Shadesmar}}

=== A Scholar's Interest and Journey (1167-Present) ===
[[Jasnah]] first became aware of Shadesmar as a real place in 1167 when she was pulled through by [[Ivory]] when he attempted to kill her.{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} After bonding Ivory and becoming an Elsecaller, Jasnah began to research Shadesmar, along with [[Urithiru]] and the [[Voidbringers]].{{book ref|sa2|1}}

In 1173, Jasnah found herself in Shadesmar after Elsecalling there to escape an assassination attempt aboard the ''[[Wind's Pleasure]]''.{{book ref|sa2|7}}{{book ref|sa3|33}} Unable to return to the Physical Realm without first finding a waypoint, she spent several months{{wob ref|5758}} trekking across Shadesmar to a location that corresponded to the middle of the wilderness. During her journey, Jasnah spent time with the [[highspren]], who shared with her details of the past, and the history surrounding the Recreance and [[Desolation]]s. She also learned of the [[Everstorm]] and the effect it would have on the entrapped [[singer]]s of Roshar.{{book ref|sa2|epilogue}} 

Jasnah’s appearance in Shadesmar caused trouble for the spren, although it is unknown whether this is because she was a native Rosharan or because she was a [[Surgebinder]]. During her escape from the realm, she may have been involved in some sort of conflict.{{book ref|sa2|epilogue}}

After returning from the Cognitive Realm, Jasnah recorded her exploration and experiences of Shadesmar in a number of journals. She released some of these records to the public after becoming queen, however, not all journals were released, much to the chagrin of her mother, [[Navani]].{{book ref|sa4|6}}

Her experience of being trapped in the Cognitive Realm left Jasnah with a heightened sense of paranoia, leading to her having an increased level of preparedness in the case that she might have to escape into Shadesmar at a future point.{{book ref|sa4|47}}{{book ref|sa4|99}}

=== Traveler from Another World (1173-Present) ===
[[Azure]] first traveled to Shadesmar in 1173, in pursuit of [[Nightblood]] and [[Vasher]], and crossed into the Physical Realm using [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]].{{book ref|sa3|93}} After being unintentionally brought back during the battle at [[Kholinar Palace]],{{book ref|sa3|87}} she travelled with [[Adolin]] and his companions, before parting ways when they jumped off ''[[Honor's Path]]'' in an attempt to escape the [[Fused]].{{book ref|sa3|110}} Azure had already made a bargain with the honorspren prior to the appearance of [[Odium]]’s forces, where they would allow her to travel with them and enter Lasting Integrity. Once there, the spren would exchange information about Nightblood, who had passed through their fortress, for information on [[Vivenna's Blade|Azure's Blade]].{{book ref|sa3|108}} 

Azure was one of the last humans to enter Lasting Integrity before it implemented its isolationist policy. She moved on approximately five months after her arrival.{{book ref|sa4|75}}{{book ref|sa4|78}}

=== The Invasion ===
The [[Everstorm]] started building and approaching the planet Roshar’s subastral many generations before it was transferred to the Physical Realm.{{book ref|sa4|86}} Initially broken off from the storm that surrounds [[Braize]], Odium gradually moved it until it reached the edge of the local Shadesmar{{book ref|sa4|86}}{{book ref|sa4|89}}{{book ref|sa4|57}} where it remained brewing for a long period of time,{{book ref|sa4|i|2}} somewhere in the southern banks.{{book ref|sa4|73}} Because of its remote location in Shadesmar, Odium’s forces had to contend with traveling far out to sea in the Physical Realm to be able to reach the storm so they could draw through Voidspren to begin the process of transferring the storm to the Physical Realm.{{book ref|sa4|73}}

The transition of the Everstorm out of Shadesmar triggered the beginning of the new Desolation and the return of the Fused. Voidspren began to appear in Shadesmar to the west of the [[Nexus of Imagination]] and made their way to the Horneater Peaks to seize control of Cultivation’s Perpendicularity and the surrounding areas,{{book ref|sa3|101}}{{book ref|sa3|102}} and gain control of travel between the realms.{{book ref|sa3|108}} They leveraged their control to influence trade and harass sailors and travelers in the area, demanding tolls and tributes and sinking or capturing ships.{{book ref|sa3|97}} This led to a sharp decrease in travel in that region of Shadesmar,{{book ref|sa3|97}} with spren refusing to go near the perpendicularity, and preferring to stick to the eastern part of the realm where there was less Fused influence.{{book ref|sa3|102}} Unfortunately, Voidspren influence began spreading further east, with the Fused ending up with loose control over [[Celebrant]] by 1174.{{book ref|sa3|102}} 

Travel and trade further decreased into 1175 with fewer ships willing to travel, lest they encounter Odium’s forces. They were further disincentivized to travel due to strange occurrences in [[Shinovar]], as well as a general preference against encountering traveling honorspren.{{book ref|sa4|22}} 

=== A Hero's Journey Through the Unknown (1174) ===
{{quote
|Azure looked up at the sky. “Damnation,” she said softly. “I hate this place.”
|[[Azure]]'s thoughts after entering Shadesmar from [[Kholinar]]{{book ref|sa3|87}}
}}

Following their escape from the [[Kholinar Palace]] through the corrupted [[Oathgate]], [[Kaladin]], [[Shallan]], [[Adolin]], [[Azure]], along with the [[spren]] of the [[Knights Radiant|Radiant]]’s and [[Maya|Adolin’s Shardblade]], found themselves trapped in Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa3|87}} Unable to return through the Oathgate, and to escape [[Ashertmarn]], the group made their way to the [[Windrunner River]],{{book ref|sa3|89}}{{map ref|Alethkar}}{{map ref|Sea of Lost Lights}} before making their way up the peninsula and away from [[Kholinar]].{{book ref|sa3|89}}

Eventually, the travelers came upon the ''[[Wind's Pleasure]]'';{{book ref|sa3|95}} while Kaladin went to investigate the building and find out more about the occupants, Shallan and the others were contacted by [[Sja-anat]]. When the group had first transitioned to Shadesmar, Sja-anat had falsely reported back to [[Odium]] that the group had been transported to an unknown point, far from the Kholinar Oathgate. Odium ordered Sja-anat to search for the Radiants, however, once she located them she used the opportunity to warn them about Odium’s hunt and that they should avoid his forces.{{book ref|sa3|97}}

Kaladin, deeming Riino’s Lighthouse to be safe, returned to fetch the other members of his party then convened at the lighthouse to enquire about travel and supplies.{{book ref|sa3|97}} A ship, captained by the [[Reacher]] [[Ico]], reached the lighthouse not long after the group arrived,{{book ref|sa3|97}}{{book ref|sa3|99}} and ferried them to [[Celebrant]], a trade city, found in the south east on the [[Sea of Spears]]. The party was unable to agree on a destination, with Azure wanting to go west to [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]] as she had previously used it to reach the Physical Realm,{{book ref|sa3|93}}{{book ref|sa3|99}} while Kaladin was strongly insistent about traveling south to [[Thaylenah]], due to a vision he had when he touched Riino’s magic globe.{{book ref|sa3|99}}{{book ref|sa3|101}} 

{{sidequote
|I’m dead. We’re dead, and this is Damnation.
|[[Adolin]]'s thoughts after entering Shadesmar from [[Kholinar]]{{book ref|sa3|89}}
|side=right|size=350px
}}

Once they reached Celebrant, the group split in half with some members going to the market place to gather supplies, while the rest enquired about potential passage to [[Thaylen City]] or Cultivation’s Perpendicularity. While at the marketplace, [[Syl]], who had been disguised, was recognized as the Ancient Daughter, leading her to confess to Adolin and Kaladin that she may be a wanted person by the honorspren. Meanwhile at the docks, Shallan and Azure were unable to secure passage to either of their proposed destinations. After realizing that a Fused was conducting an inspection on Ico’s ship, the two women, as well as [[Pattern]] and [[Maya]], returned to the dock registrar to interrogate her, and learnt about the increased [[Voidspren]] presence in Shadesmar over the preceding months. After escaping the Fused at the docks with out detection, the group reconvened to decide on how to proceed. Syl, having seen ''[[Honor's Path]]'' docked in the harbor, ran to catch the ship before it pulled away, revealing who she was so that she and her friends could escape Odium’s minions on the honorspren vessel.{{book ref|sa3|102}}

Once aboard, [[Notum]], the ship’s captain, began their voyage towards [[Lasting Integrity]], post-haste, to try and outrun the Fused. After being taken captive, most of the group, barring Syl, were released from captivity and allowed to explore most parts of Honor’s Path.{{book ref|sa3|108}} When it became apparent that the Fused were slowly gaining ground on the vessel, Notum decided to disobey his mandate and aided the friends in escaping to the [[Longbrow's Straits]], by dropping them secretly into the beads.{{book ref|sa3|110}} 

Having lost the Fused, the party made its way across the land in the direction of Thaylen City, following Kaladin’s hunch that [[Dalinar]] was in danger.{{book ref|sa3|110}} When they arrived, they found large numbers of Odium’s forces waiting. Soon after, Odium's minions disappeared, as they were drawn through to the Physical Realm.{{book ref|sa3|112}}{{book ref|sa3|115}} To buy time and give an opportunity for Shallan to reach the Oathgate, Kaladin, Adolin, and the spren engaged with the remaining Fused in their own ways.{{book ref|sa3|116}} Shallan attempted to convince the Oathgate spren to allow them passage, however, they refused, remaining steadfast in the mandate given to them by the [[Sibling]].{{book ref|sa3|116}}{{book ref|sa4|22}}  With Kaladin out of [[Stormlight]], and Adolin severely injured, the hopes of the friends making it back to the Physical Realm were slim,{{book ref|sa3|117}}{{book ref|sa3|118}} until [[Honor's Perpendicularity]] appeared after being opened by [[Dalinar]] during the [[Battle of Thaylen Field]].{{book ref|sa3|119}} The group transitioned back to the Physical Realm using the perpendicularity to then engage in the ongoing conflict that was occurring in Thaylen City.{{book ref|sa3|120}} 

Following the Battle of Thaylen Field, at least some of the Oathgates agreed to allow for passage between realms again.{{book ref|sa4|22}}

=== Urithiru Emissary Delegation (1175) ===
{{quote
|I’ve come by order of the Bondsmith, my father, to visit your lands and deliver a message on his behalf. I bring with me Knights Radiant of four different orders, all of whom work in concert against the rising Everstorm. Proof that men and spren once again need their bonds of old
|[[Adolin]]'s offer of alliance to the [[honorspren]]{{book ref|sa4|36}}
}}

In 1175, a delegation from [[Urithiru]] headed by [[Adolin]] and [[Shallan]], set out to visit [[Lasting Integrity]] and try to convince the [[honorspren]] to re-bond humans and join their war efforts against [[Odium]] and the [[Fused]].{{book ref|sa4|19}} Setting out from Urithiru, the group travelled on a [[peakspren]] ship captained by [[Unativi]], then by caravan from [[Nameless]] to Lasting Integrity. During this time, Shallan began taking notes for her eventual book on Shadesmar’s natural history.{{book ref|sa4|26}} During the second half of their journey, they were followed by a [[Tukari caravaneers|Tukari mercenary group]] that eventually broke away from their path to head south, while the Urithiru delegates continued west. Unfortunately, the Tukari had continued in the same direction of [[Notum]], who had also been traveling along the route, and he had been their target all along. Racing to save him, Adolin and [[Maya]] fought off the Tukari, long enough for the other soldiers in their party to arrive and provide backup.{{book ref|sa4|35}} 

{{image|Lasting_Integrity_Interior.jpeg|side=right|width=600px|[[Shallan]] and the [[honorspren]] in [[Lasting Integrity]]}}

With an injured Notum in tow, the group pressed on quickly to reach Lasting Integrity, wary that the Tukari were still in the area and could circle back around to attack them again. Reaching the honorspren stronghold however, the group was not warmly welcomed; the honorspren did not respond kindly to the diplomatic efforts of Adolin, destroying his correspondence from the coalition monarchs and refusing to engage his pleas and arguments. With all of his other plans having failed, Adolin surrendered himself into the custody of the honorspren, after giving them the opportunity to put him on for the [[Recreance]]. The honorspren allowed for two others to remain with Adolin, and Shallan and [[Pattern]] joined the Highprince inside the fortress where Adolin was taken into custody.{{book ref|sa4|36}} 

While a number of the Urithiru party began the return journey to the tower, several members including [[Godeke]], [[Felt]] and [[Malli]], Shallan’s [[Order of Lightweavers|Lightweavers]], and Notum remained camped outside the keep, on the edge of the nearby forest, and remained in contact with the [[Alethi]] highprince via letter.{{book ref|sa4|75}} 

Shallan, during her time in Lasting Integrity, set about completing the mission she was given by [[Mraize]] to find [[Restares]]. When Kalak returned to the keep, Shallan realized that the man she sought was a [[Herald]]. After speaking with Mraize, she discovered he wanted her to “kill” the Herald by capturing his soul in a knife containing Odium’s godmetal. The last day of Adolin’s trial, Shallan went to Kalak’s lodgings with the intent to kill him, having adopted her “new” persona of Formless. Pattern interrupted her on her way there, trying to introduce Shallan to [[Testament]], whom he had already tried to introduce once before. Shallan sent Pattern away, not wanting to hear what he had to say, before continuing on to Kalak’s house. Once inside, Veil confronted Shallan about Formless and forced her to remember what Shallan had done as a child when she had been bonded to Testament. Duty done, Veil disappeared, being reintegrated into Shallan. Kalak discovered Shallan in his house shortly after her ordeal, and although the Lightweaver acknowledge that she had been sent to kill Kalak, she had instead decided to try and work with him.{{book ref|sa4|93}} 

[[Lusintia]], Sekeir, and several other honorspren found the pair not long after the Herald confronted Shallan, and accused the Lightweaver of trying to influence her husband’s trial. Despite Kalak’s denial, the honorspren took Shallan into custody, to be held until the trial was completed. The honorspren also detained Kalak, with Sekeir taking his place to oversee the final day of the court proceedings.{{book ref|sa4|93}}{{book ref|sa4|93}}

Held as the honorspren’s captive, Adolin prepared for his trial with the help of the [[inkspren]] emissary, [[Blended]]. After [[Kalak]], the High Judge, returned to the fortress from patrolling, the trial began and lasted for three days. On the first day, three witnesses - [[Amuna]], Blended, and Notum - gave testimony against Adolin. Notum, having clearly been coerced into testifying, broke from his script half way through his statement, to stand with Adolin and promote the bond between humans and spren. The second day of the trial Adolin was free to give his own testimony to the judge and audience, however, this quickly went sour and the day ended in chaos. The third day of trial was held by the honorspren [[Sekeir]], due to Kalak’s absence, and Maya was brought forth as the final witness. Due to her inability to speak, Sekeir used this as an opportunity to promote his own agenda under the guise he was speaking on her behalf. Drawing strength from Adolin, Maya addressed the crowd herself, proclaiming that the deadeyes had willingly chosen to give up their bonds during the Recreance. Shocked, the honorspren left the room and the trial was dismissed. Following the trial, Blended returned to the inkspren to spread the news about the role of spren in the Recreance and Maya’s growing consciousness.{{book ref|sa4|94}}

=== Outside Influences ===
{{quote
|Iyatil has reported to Master Thaidakar, and he has accepted—after some initial anger—that we will not be able to control the Oathgates.
|[[Mraize]] about the [[Ghostbloods]]' plan{{book ref|sa4|13}}
}}

At some point prior to 1175, the Ghostbloods began to set up trade routes in Shadesmar, including in the [[Sea of Lost Lights]]. Their intention was to set up a powerful trade empire with [[Stormlight]] and [[Investiture]] being their main commodity. They wished to find [[Urithiru]] before the Radiants so that they could seize control of the [[Oathgate]]s and have power over the ability to travel between the Physical and Cognitive Realms, as this would allow them to dominate the market as they could easily move their good back and forth without interference.{{book ref|sa4|13}}

== Politics ==
[[Worldhoppers]] are common enough in Shadesmar that the true spren are aware of other planets, their inhabitants,{{book ref|sa4|24}} and will trade for their wares.{{book ref|sa3|102}}

=== Interspren Politics ===
{{sidequote
|Oh! She says she would rather trade with honorspren than take another trip to the perpendicularity. I think this is an insult. Ha ha ha. Mmm…
|[[Pattern]] enquiring about passage to Cultivation's Perpendicularity in [[Celebrant]]{{book ref|sa3|102}}
|side=right|size=350px
}}

Prior to the [[Recreance]], the spren created written treaties between their nations, some of which have survived.{{book ref|sa4|94}}

The different varieties of spren do not often mingle with each other. In mixed spren cities, each spren type will often only congregate with their own brethren unless they require a service rendered.{{book ref|sa3|102}} 

Very few, if any, other types of spren think positively about [[honorspren]] or enjoy being in their company. This is in part due to their attempts to conquer Shadesmar in the past.{{book ref|sa3|47}}{{book ref|sa3|99}}{{book ref|sa3|102}} In turn, honorspren are not friendly towards most other types of spren; they have a negative political relationship with [[Cryptic]]s,{{book ref|sa2|3}} dislike the [[highspren]],{{book ref|sa4|87}} and hate the [[inkspren]], whom they may have previously warred with.{{book ref|sa4|20}}{{book ref|sa3|47}} Despite these negative relationships, the honorspren still accept spren emissaries from their adversaries,{{book ref|sa4|78}} though this has not improved relations between the spren nations.{{book ref|sa4|87}} At one point, [[mistspren]] were highly regarded by the honorspren.{{book ref|sa4|21}}

Cryptics have a feared reputation in Shadesmar,{{book ref|sa2|3}} however, rarely venture outside of their city.{{book ref|sa4|26}} They are not well liked by other spren.{{book ref|sa4|26}} [[Cultivationspren]] are not very important politically,{{book ref|sa2.5|2}} however, those who re-bond humans are considered quite highly by others in the Cognitive Realm.{{book ref|sa4|19}} [[Inkspren]] are not commonly found around Shadesmar as the group tend to keep to themselves.{{book ref|sa4|29}}

=== Spren-Human Politics ===
{{quote
|To many there, you are a criminal. Your entire race is one of criminals. It isn’t about the Ancient Daughter so much as it is about what you did to us.
|[[Notum]] explaining the views of the [[spren]]{{book ref|sa4|30}}
}}

Humans and spren have a strained relationship due to the Recreance, which had a profound effect on spren societies, with many true spren being partially{{book ref|sa3|47}}{{book ref|sa4|87}} or almost completely wiped out.{{book ref|sa4|87}} The spren hold deep resentment for humans and while humans have gained back the trust of some groups through reforging [[Nahel]] bonds, many of the spren are still suspicious or outright hostile towards them.{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa4|29}} Many true spren blame humans for the deaths of their friends and family during the Recreance,{{book ref|sa4|30}}{{book ref|sa4|29}} as they are unaware that these spren were willing participants at the time. Despite the tension between the two races, humans have never been known to attack spren or harm them.{{book ref|sa4|36}}{{book ref|sa4|111}}

The Radiants of [[Urithiru]] have attempted to open a diplomatic relationship with some of the more hostile spren, including the honorspren.{{book ref|sa4|30}} Following [[Adolin]]’s trial at the hands of the honorspren, and [[Maya]]’s confession about spren participation in the Recreance, the relationship between humans and spren may start to improve and be mended.{{book ref|sa4|115}}{{book ref|sa4|94}}

=== Odium’s Forces ===
[[Odium]]’s forces control different sections of Shadesmar, including [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]],{{book ref|sa3|102}} an area near [[Thaylen City]],{{book ref|sa3|102}} and the city of [[Celebrant]],{{book ref|sa3|102}} and plan to build their own empire within the Cognitive Realm.
Since their arrival in Shadesmar, the [[Voidspren]] have spread their influence across the realm.{{book ref|sa3|108}} [[Shanay-im]] are occasionally seen by travelers, flying around Shadesmar,{{book ref|sa4|26}} and will conduct inspections on cities that they have captured.{{book ref|sa3|102}}

There is a level of hostility between the [[honorspren]] and the [[Fused]].{{book ref|sa3|102}} The honorspren appear to be a big contender in terms of controlling land in the southern portion of the [[Sea of Souls]], with any areas not controlled by either being dubbed as "free lands."{{book ref|sa4|29}} Despite this antagonistic relationship, some honorspren are considering siding with the Fused and Odium’s forces, as the highspren have already done. This would likely have a domino effect on the other spren types, and pave the way for many spren to join the enemy.{{book ref|sa4|87}}

=== Ghostbloods ===
{{quote
|Portable, easily contained, renewable. You hold the energy of a storm in your hand, Veil. That raw energy, plucked from the heart of the raging tempest. It is tamed—not only a safe source of light, but of power that those with... particular interests and abilities can access.... Roshar has something that so many other peoples in the cosmere want: free, portable, easy-to-access power.
|[[Mraize]] alluding to the [[Ghostblood]]'s plans{{book ref|sa4|13}}
}}

The [[Ghostbloods]] are planning to commercialize [[Stormlight]] and create a monopoly, due to its easy transportability to an off world market, by utilizing Shadesmar. A trade path has been established through the [[Sea of Lost Lights]].{{book ref|sa4|13}} With the main currency in Shadesmar being Stormlight, this would likely have a profound and wide reaching effect on the realm and would give the Ghostbloods and [[Thaidakar]], a large amount of power in Shadesmar.

== Culture and Society ==
==== True Spren Societies  ====
True spren live in a number of cities and other settlements in Shadesmar. Some of these cities are inhabited and ruled by a single type of spren,{{book ref|sa2|3}}{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa3|108}} however, not all Radiant spren their own kingdom,{{book ref|sa2.5|2}} and some settlements are a conglomeration of different spren types.{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa4|29}} [[Cryptic]]s are known to rule one of the greater cities in Shadesmar,{{book ref|sa2|3}} and the [[honorspren]] have control of multiple locations.{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa3|108}} [[Cultivationspren]] rule no cities in the realm.{{book ref|sa2.5|2}} However, the true spren types are not homogenous, with different nationalities and subgroups being found in the different regions of Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa4|22}}

The longstanding presence of one type of spren in a given area, can affect the fundamental forces in that section of Shadesmar, and although this may mimic [[Surgebinding]], these environmental changes are caused by another mechanism.{{book ref|sa4|78}} Some spren choose to build their cities in particular parts of Shadesmar for specific reasons, that may be related to these realmatic changes, however, this is rare and the different spren types mostly choose areas where they can assert political control.{{wob ref|12889}} The [[Lasting_Integrity|honorspren capital]], however, is one such place where the environment has been altered and the spren of this keep have utilized and integrated these changes into their lifestyles.{{book ref|sa4|78}} Most, if not all, spren cities utilize manifested objects to create their buildings.{{book ref|sa3|102}}

The lack of water in Shadesmar, leads the spren to keep stores of sand in their cities in the case of fires.{{book ref|sa3|102}}  They rarely use obsidian chunks as a building material even though is is abundantly available, although they occasionally create weapons using this resource.{{book ref|sa4|21}}{{book ref|sa4|26}} 

Like many of the Physical Realm Rosharan societies, the true spren disapprove of fortune telling and claims of predicting the future. Any who practice this discipline are shunned and forced to the outskirts and remote locations of the realm if they wish to practice their trade.{{book ref|sa3|97}}

There is an spren festivity known as the [[Feast of Light]].{{book ref|sa3|101}}

==== Deadeyes ====
{{quote
|It seemed as if someone had taken a knife to her face, except she hadn’t bled or been scarred by the cuts. She’d been erased. Ripped apart. Removed from existence. When she looked at Adolin, she seemed like a painting that had been vandalized.
|Description of [[Maya]]{{book ref|sa4|22}}
}}
[[Deadeye]]s are spren who have been "killed" though the breaking of the [[Nahel]] bond. They did not exist prior to the [[Recreance]], and most deadeyes can trace their "deaths" back to when they agreed to break their bond with their [[Knights Radiant]]. Deadeyes still maintain the same general appearance they took prior to dying, however, appear raggedy and their eyes are scratched out.{{book ref|sa3|87}}

{{sidequote
|We are left, to wander Shadesmar as dead souls, unable to think or talk. Our bodies are used, screaming, as weapons by the descendants of the ones who killed us.
|[[Notum]] talking about [[deadeye]]s{{book ref|sa4|30}}
|side=right|size=350px
}}

Although deadeyes physically live in Shadesmar, like with Radiant bonded spren, they can be pulled completely into the Physical Realm in the form of a [[Shardblade]]. Because Shardblades are their physical form, deadeyes are unable to be summoned as a blade in Shadesmar. They will, however, still respond if someone tries to summon them in the Cognitive Realm, stretching in an unnatural way towards the summoner.{{book ref|sa3|89}} This causes them distress and pain.{{book ref|sa3|89}}{{book ref|sa4|94}} As [[Shardplate]] is also the physical manifestation of spren in the Physical Realm,{{book ref|sa4|110}} it can also not be physically taken into Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa4|21}}{{book ref|sa4|22}} 

Deadeyes are often placid, and unfazed by what goes on around them.{{book ref|sa3|89}}{{book ref|sa3|101}} However, that does not mean they are unable to feel stronger emotion or become dangerous if provoked,{{book ref|sa3|117}}{{book ref|sa4|35}} though this is rare.{{book ref|sa4|29}}{{book ref|sa4|35}} Deadeyes can be found wandering aimlessly around Shadesmar and are known to wander off without care for their surroundings.{{book ref|sa3|101}} This has led to some spren imprisoning deadeyes to prevent them from leaving on their own,{{book ref|sa3|101}} though this does not prevent them from being summoned as a Blade.{{book ref|sa4|87}}

The [[honorspren]] of [[Lasting Integrity]] often find lost deadeyes in the barrens or the shallows of the ocean nearby their keep, and will bring them back to Lasting Integrity to take care of them.{{book ref|sa4|87}} The honorspren take their duty seriously and the deadeyes are treated well in their care. Although, despite their good intentions, the honorspren do have a habit of being dismissive of deadeyes.{{book ref|sa4|36}}{{book ref|sa4|30}}

==== Human Societies ====
Generally humans that visit Shadesmar are refugees, merchants, or explorers.{{book ref|sa3|99}} There are some permanent human settlements, such as a clan of [[Horneater]]s who live near [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]] on the [[Horneater Peaks]].{{book ref|Sa4|75}} Some of the true spren are not used to dealing with humans from [[Roshar]] proper, likely because the [[Cognitive Realm]] has not been visited by Rosharans for several millennia.{{book ref|sa2|epilogue}}

=== Travel ===
{{image|Shadesmar by Pablo Zamora Almagro.jpg|side=right|width=500px|[[Mandra]]s are often used to pull ships through Shadesmar's seas}}
==== Local Travel  ====
Travel is largely conducted by [[Reachers]] and [[peakspren]], who can be hired for travel over both land and sea.{{book ref|sa3|99}}{{book ref|sa4|26}} They utilize [[mandras]] for sea travel in lieu of standard sailing equipment to offset the lack of wind in Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa3|97}} Multiple mandras have to be used at the same time on all ships, as these spren will occasionally be pulled into the [[Physical Realm]] and vanish -- a phenomenon known as "dropping."{{book ref|sa3|99}} Ships in Shadesmar move faster than an average ship in the Physical Realm, largely because they are not dependent on wind direction and can use the most efficient path to reach their destination.{{book ref|sa3|99}} Some ships will keep rations and a water making fabrial aboard in case they take on human passengers.{{book ref|sa3|99}} 

Not all ships are equipped, or willing, to take on humans. Although dock registrar's will keep a list of all ships in port and their destinations, as well as which will take passengers, they do not keep records of which ships are human friendly, and humans looking for passage must visit each ship individually to enquire.{{book ref|sa3|101}}

Land travel is conducted using established caravan routes. A large number of caravans can be commonly found on the southern edge of Shadesmar near the [[Expanse of Vibrance]] and it is not unusual for these caravans to include humans.{{book ref|sa4|29}}

==== Realmatic Travel ====
Travel between the realms is possible through the use of the [[Oathgate]]s or [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]]. Those with access to the [[Surgebinding#Transportation|Surge of Transportation]] are also able to physically move between the realms, although it is harder to move from Shadesmar to the Physical than vice versa. [[Stormlight]] is necessary when using the Oathgates{{book ref|sa3|8}} or Elsecalling.{{book ref|sa1|70}} [[Odium]] is also able to transition [[Cognitive Shadow]]s and the [[Unmade]] between the realms to allow them to take over a physical host’s body. He does this by pulling the souls “along ancient paths."{{book ref|sa3|116}}

Communication between the Physical Realm and Shadesmar is slow moving and likely requires the physical delivery of information through traders and travelers.{{book ref|sa4|78}} Instantaneous communication methods such as spanreeds do not work across the realms,{{book ref|sa4|20}} likely due to the nature of spren. Unbound [[seon]]s, however, can be used to communicate with those on the different planes, provided one can be found and is willing to provide help with communication.{{book ref|sa4|78}}{{book ref|sa4|20}}

Due to the nature of the Cognitive Realm, it is possible to reach different worlds in the [[cosmere]]. However, this is significantly harder for highly [[Investiture#Investiture_of_Humans|Invested]] individuals who are [[Connection|Connected]] to [[Roshar]].{{book ref|sa4|13}}{{wob ref|1540}}{{wob ref|9285}}

=== Economy ===
==== Currency ====
[[Stormlight]] is the major currency of Shadesmar, however, due to its propensity to quickly fade, some cities have banks where infused gems can be exchanged for tokens.{{book ref|sa3|93}}  The Stormlight is then transferred into [[perfect gemstone]]s so that it will not fade and is available for future use.{{book ref|sa3|99}}{{book ref|sa4|29}} Infused [[sphere]]s can be used as currency though it is up to the merchant to decide if they will accept spheres directly,{{book ref|sa3|97}} and while dun spheres can be traded, they are worth much less.{{book ref|sa3|101}} In general, spren care very little about gemstones themselves or their value, and are instead only interested in any Stormlight the gems carry.{{book ref|sa4|26}}

==== Trade ====
[[Reachers]] and [[peakspren]] are commonly found as traders and sailors in Shadesmar, often transporting goods between the different port cities.{{book ref|sa3|99}}{{book ref|sa4|26}}  There are dedicated cities and towns that act as waypoints where traders can resupply during their journeys.{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa4|29}} Haggling is an accepted practice in at least some trade cities.{{book ref|sa3|102}} Trade within these places is conducted in an open aired manner as the realm does not need to worry about weather issues.{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa4|29}} 

Items that are imported from the [[Physical Realm]] are considered much more valuable than manifested items because they will not eventually disappear. However, these are much harder to obtain as they have to be brought through a perpendicularity or [[Oathgate]].{{book ref|sa4|29}} This has been historically unattainable since the [[Recreance]], as the Oathgates had been sealed and abandoned{{book ref|sa3|116}}{{book ref|sa4|22}} and the [[Horneater]]s that guard [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]] were not receptive to travelers using the waypoint.{{book ref|sa4|13}} Non-manifested weapons, in particular, are worth a lot of money in Shadesmar.{{book ref|sa4|75}} Following the [[True Desolation]], traders from outside of the Rosharan system increased in traffic, with people being drawn to the subastral by stories of [[Shardblade]]s, and a desire to purchase them. [[Roshar#Wines|Rosharan wines]] are also popular off-world.{{book ref|sa4|30}}

As well as being the major currency, Stormlight is a valued commodity because it can be used to manifest objects from the Physical Realm.{{book ref|sa3|117}} These objects can then be sold as wares by a merchant. The price set for an manifested item is reflective, not of the craftsmanship of the item,{{book ref|sa4|29}} but the length of time the object will last in Shadesmar before it disappears,{{book ref|sa4|75}} These items, however, can be reinfused so that they will last longer.{{book ref|sa4|26}} The skill of the manifester determines the length of time the item will remain in the realm,{{book ref|sa4|26}} although the ability to manifest objects is rare,{{book ref|sa4|26}} can be quite dangerous,{{book ref|sa3|108}} and is rather draining.{{book ref|sa4|26}}

The demand for Stormlight as a commodity, both in Shadesmar and off-world, has led the [[Ghostbloods]] to attempt to set up a trade route that will transport the [[Investiture]] from the Physical Realm and through Shadesmar, using the Oathgates. They eventually plan to trade Stormlight on other planets, and although they are aware of how to transport the Investiture off of Roshar, they have run into issues implementing their plan.{{book ref|sa4|13}}

=== Food and Drink ===
True spren do not require food or water to survive,{{book ref|sa3|93}} however, they are able to consume [[Stormlight]]{{book ref|sa4|36}} or human emotions.{{book ref|sa3|99}} The weather patterns of Shadesmar also nourishes spren, the way food would nourish human.{{book ref|sa3|101}}{{book ref|sa3|110}}

Human rations are available for purchase in Shadesmar cities and are sometimes carried by spren sailors, even when they do not currently have human passengers.{{book ref|sa3|99}} Rations are most easily found in port cities which see a steady trade of the goods to help accommodate for humans that live in the area.{{book ref|sa3|93}} Tinned food is commonly found in Shadesmar, and may originate from [[Scadrial]] due to their canning processes.{{book ref|sa3|97}}{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{wob ref|8650}}{{wob ref|10807}} Water can be created using a [[hydrator]]; these devices are carried on ships in the case that humans are granted passage by the captain.{{book ref|sa3|99}}

=== Leisure Activities ===
{{image|Wyndle.jpg|side=left|width=400px|[[Wyndle]] gardening}}
==== Gardening ====
Gardening appears to be an art form in Shadesmar, that is enjoyed particularly by [[cultivationspren]]. It differs from Physical Realm gardening, with the cultivation of plants being considered mundane and pedestrian. Instead, Shadesmar gardening involves growing items out of crystals, based on the souls of objects, though this method is distinctly different from manifesting souls. Cultivationspren are known to create gardens of chairs. Like with Physical Realm artwork, these garden creations are put on display in exhibitions where they can be viewed by other spren.{{book ref|sa2.5|1}}

=== Clothing ===
{{quote
|They seem to wear whatever. That’s an Alethi officer’s coat over an Azish scribe’s vest. Tashikki wrap worn with trousers, and there’s almost a full Thaylen tlmko, but they’re missing the boots.
|[[Adolin]] marveling at [[spren]] fashion{{book ref|sa3|102}}
}}

Clothing in Shadesmar is either created as part of a spren’s essence, or is manifested from the Physical Realm.{{book ref|sa4|30}} Spren do not follow any of the fashion trends seen on Roshar, and will instead mix and match clothing from a variety of Rosharan cultures in ways that would be considered bizarre or unseemly to humans.{{book ref|sa3|102}}{{book ref|sa4|29}} Spren clothing that is created from a being essence can be changed by the given individual, however, [[Stormlight]] is required.{{book ref|sa3|102}}

[[Honorspren]] in particular have a propensity towards military dress,{{book ref|sa4|36}} although some in the younger generation tend towards flowing garments instead.{{book ref|sa4|87}}

=== Languages ===
Like humans, spren speak a multitude of different languages{{book ref|sa2|60}}{{book ref|sa3|102}} that appear to have separated into various different language families.{{wob ref|3977}} The ability to speak multiple languages, spren or human, varies between individuals{{book ref|sa2|60}}{{book ref|sa3|102}} and must be learned as they are not inherently known.{{book ref|sa4|26}} Most spren are able to speak human languages.{{book ref|sa4|21}}

There appears to be some languages that are specific for different types of spren.{{book ref|sa3|108}}{{book ref|sa4|26}} Not all languages are verbal, with some spren, such as [[Reachers]], being able to communicate using vibrations passed through metal plates.{{book ref|sa3|99}}

=== Religion ===
==== Mythology ====
Following the [[Recreance]], the disappearance of the [[Knights Radiant]], and the locking of the [[Oathgate]]s, knowledge of Shadesmar disappeared from the general population, and the realm faded into myths and legends, eventually becoming known as the mythical kingdom of the [[spren]].{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} This fictionalization of the realm was further fueled by the [[Vorinism|Vorin Church]] during the [[Hierocracy]], who tampered and altered a great number of texts to remove or change information about Shadesmar, in their effort to expunge knowledge of the Recreance and Knights Radiant from historical record.{{book ref|sa2|3}} Older texts on [[Roshar]] still contain mentions of the [[Cognitive Realm]], including in literature and children’s books.{{book ref|sa1|i|8}}{{book ref|sa2|prologue}} Folklore contains references to those with backwards shadows, like one would have in Shadesmar, and describes the individuals as being cursed.{{book ref|sa2|prologue}}

Shadesmar is still believed to be real by at least some inhabitants of Roshar, prior to its "re-discovery" in 1174. [[Jasnah Kholin]] has written about the realm in some of her earlier scholarly works,{{book ref|sa2|3}} and at least some in the [[ardentia]] are aware that Shadesmar is a real place.{{book ref|sa1|i|8}}

=== Magic ===
{{image|Elsecaller.png|side=right|width=200px|Jasnah Elsecalling Shadesmar beads}}
Some species and people have a more natural ability to view the Cognitive Realm. [[Singers]] can commonly see some level of Shadesmar, which usually equates to seeing the entirety of a [[spren]]’s physical appearance,{{book ref|sa4|48)}} while humans rarely can see the other realm.{{book ref|sa4|i|5}} Some [[Horneater]]s also have the ability to see spren that are invisible to others,{{book ref|sa3.5|9}} though it is unclear if this is related to their singer ancestry, or their interactions with [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]]. [[Cultivation]] has the power to permanently move someone more into the Cognitive than they normally would be, which can allow them to physically touch spren that are not manifested.{{book ref|sa2.5|4}}

==== Surgebinding ====
All [[Knights Radiant|Radiant]]s have an attachment to Shadesmar, by virtue of the [[Nahel Bond]],{{book ref|sa3|33}} and on occasion, they can see a glimpse of the realm.{{book ref|sa2|41}}{{book ref|sa1|45}} Orders that have the Surges of Transformation or Transportation have greater access.{{book ref|sa3|33}}{{book ref|sa4|11}}{{book ref|sa1|70}} Due to this higher affinity, it is particularly dangerous for [[Order of Elsecallers|Elsecallers]], [[Order of Lightweavers|Lightweavers]], and [[Order of Willshapers|Willshapers]] to visit Shadesmar without sufficient Stormlight as it risks their minds or body becoming trapped.{{book ref|sa1|70}}{{book ref|sa2|epilogue}} All three orders are capable of mentally peeking into Shadesmar,{{book ref|sa3|33}}{{book ref|sa4|11}}{{book ref|sa1|70}} although there is a level of talent involved in this process.{{book ref|sa4|20}} This ability is a "quiet" use of [[Investiture]] and will not draw the attention of [[secretspren]].{{book ref|sa1|45}}

During times where the realms are closer, or combined, it is easier to access Shadesmar and an overlay effect can occur with the [[Physical Realm]]. [[Soulcast]]ing also becomes much easier to perform.{{book ref|sa3|120}} When in Shadesmar, Soulcasting can be performed on any physical material that is in the Cognitive Realm, however, if performed on the beads then only the object in the Physical Realm is affected. Items that fully exists in Shadesmar, however, can be changed into other substances as would normally occur.{{book ref|sa3|93}}{{book ref|sa4|26}} Soulcasting items that are in the Cognitive Realm is easier than changing the souls of the beads.{{book ref|sa4|93}}

Elsecalling to Shadesmar requires a large amount of Stormlight, and it is harder when moving from the Cognitive to the Physical, than the other way around.{{book ref|sa3|33}}{{wob ref|5758}} Although it is possible to leave the Cognitive from any point,{{wob ref|13196}} those who are less experience with using [[Surgebinding#Transportation|Transportation]], require a transfer point, where the Physical and Cognitive Realms are closer together, to be able to make the journey.{{book ref|sa3|33}}

== Development ==
Shadesmar was loosely inspired by a painting by {{a|Michael Whelan}} that Brandon saw as a teenager, and largely developed off Brandon’s interest in creating a place that was a reflection of the real world, but also different. The crystalline nature of Shadesmar was part of this interest.{{wob ref|13466}} The bead ocean wasn’t inspired by anything in particular and grew out of the general worldbuilding for [[The Stormlight Archive]].{{wob ref|13799}}

== Trivia ==
*[[Expanse of Vibrance]]: This expanse's name was hidden behind the Shadesmar's map's title.{{wob ref|4805}} It is believed to be Nalthis.
* An uncanonical scene from [[Words of Radiance]] was released in 2014 about [[Jasnah]] transitioning to Shadesmar from the ''[[Wind's Pleasure]]'' when it was attacked.{{wob ref |12304}} It was excluded from the book so as to not lessen the epilogue reveal that Jasnah survived.{{wob ref|4576}}
* Although Brandon plans to use Shadesmar more widely in the cosmere, there may shift to being ‘Cognitive Realm’ as Brandon reaches Era 4 so that a more scientific term is being used.{{wob ref|10305}} 
* There is a specific reason that the Rosharan subastral is full of spheres.{{wob ref|2742}}
* The idea of Shadesmar can be tied back to Brandon’s love of Tel’aran’rhiod from the Wheel of Time and some ideas from ancient Greek philosophy.{{wob ref|12616}}

== Notes ==
<references />
{{complete|[[User:Chaos2651|Chaos2651]] ([[User talk:Chaos2651|talk]]) 06:01, 12 March 2022 (UTC)}}
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