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'''Alethkar''' is a country in eastern [[Roshar]]. It borders [[Jah Keved]] to the west, the [[Unclaimed Hills]] to the east, and the [[Frostlands]] to the south. Alethkar is the largest country on Roshar, and is the largest and most prominent of the five [[Vorinism|Vorin]] nations, with a population in the hundreds of thousands.{{book ref|sa4|50}} People from Alethkar are known as '''Alethi''', and their royal colors are blue and gold.{{book ref|sa1|69}} The Alethi are known world-wide for militarism and fighting nature.
 
Prior to the [[True Desolation]], the Alethi were engaged in the [[War of Reckoning]] against the [[listeners]].{{book ref|sa1|23}} As of {{rosharan date|1175}} on the Vorin CalanderCalender, the vast majority of their territory is under the control of the [[Voidbringer]]s.{{book ref|sa3|120}}
 
== Etymology ==
The name ''Alethkar'' is of unsure meaning, but it stems from the name of the Silver Kingdom of ''Alethela'', which later became what is now known as Alethkar.{{book ref|sa1|19}}{{map ref|Silver Kingdoms}} The demonym ''Alethi'' is derived from Alethkar.
 
The Alethi are called the ''Tagarut'' by the [[Azish]], this term means "Breakers" in Azish. This refers to their destructive nature during their invasions of Azir.{{book ref|tsm|26}} TheSingers namerefer to Alethkar as ''Avendla'', this is ancient [[Singer]] for ''Land of the Second Advance''.{{book ref|sa4|14}}
 
== Geography ==
== History ==
=== Creation ===
The land that would become known as Alethkar was created at an unknown point before the [[Shattering]] by AdonasliumAdonalsium, along with the rest of Roshar and the Rosharan supercontinent over ten-thousand years prior to Vorin year {{Rosharan date|1174}}.{{wob ref|3953}}{{wob ref|3952}}{{wob ref|1355}}{{book ref|tsm|11}} It is unclear how much the geography of modern-day Alethkar has changed compared to the land at creation.
 
=== Pre-Human Arrival ===
 
One of the many Desolations that struck the nation, along with the rest of Roshar, arrived in the year {{rosharan date|337}} of the Eighth Epoch. This Desolation was heralded by the release of [[Midnight Essence]] in a small settlement in [[Natanatan]].{{book ref|sa1|19}} The length of this Desolation is unknown.
 
During some of the Desolations, the Fused managed to take the capital of Alethela, though were ultimately pushed out.{{book ref|sa4|65}}
 
Another Desolation occurred later and ended circa -3333, during an unknown Epoch. This left society wounded and weak, forcing them into a period of recovery.{{book ref|sa1|part=prelude}}
 
==== Alethi-Veden Border Conflict ({{rosharan date|1155}} - ???)====
Around {{rosharan date|1155}}, a war broke out at the border between Alethkar and [[Jah Keved]]. Dalinar Kholin also acted as one of the major generals in this conflict as well.{{book ref|sa3|52}} Part of the motivation for the conflict was Jah Keved taking land from Alethkar in around {{rosharan date|1143}}.{{book ref|sa3|66}}
 
One of the battles during this conflict happened at a place called Slickrock. [[Battle of Slickrock|This battle]] saw the Vedens, commanded by [[Brightlord]] [[Nalanar]], and the Alethi, commanded by Dalinar Kholin, fighting. This battle ended in an Alethi victory, although the Vedens almost defeated them during at least three points in the battle.{{book ref|sa3|100}}
 
==== Burning of Rathalas ({{rosharan date|1163}}) ====
 
=== People ===
The Alethi people are generally tan -- darker-skinned than the [[Veden]] and [[Shin]] peoplepeoples, but not as dark as the [[Makabak]]i -- with dark, typically black hair.{{book ref|sa1|3}} They are typically extremely tall, standing on average at least a foot taller than people living further West.{{book ref|sa2.5|10}} Like most Rosharan people, they possess Epicanthic folds and see those without such folds as wide-eyed and childish.{{wob ref|4079}} They are a racially-mixed people due to their history of conquest.{{book ref|sa3|122}}{{book ref|sa2|38}}{{wob ref|15116}}
 
In the late [[Era of Solitude]], the Alethi tan and black hair are considered the general standard of beauty.{{book ref|sa1|3}} Multicolored hair is also present within Alethkar and is an indication of mixed heritage. Some see this as a sign of an "impure" bloodline,{{book ref|sa2|38}} while others use it as evidence of Alethkar's superiority, hard won through conquest.{{book ref|sa3|122}} Among the Heralds, [[Jezrien]], [[Vedel|Vedeledev]], and [[Kalak]] look Alethi.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}}{{wob ref|11325}}
 
=== Music ===
Music is seen as a feminine art, and is thus primarily only persuedpursued by women and ardents.{{book ref|sa1|3}}{{book ref|sa1|57}}{{book ref|sa2|55}} Alethi music makes a heavy use of flutes and string instruments made of a fine wood,{{book ref|sa1|57}}{{book ref|sa1|33}}{{book ref|sa3|84}} and tend to dislike percussion.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}}{{book ref|sa4|prologue}}{{wob ref|12290}} Battle hymns make use of brass-like instruments.{{wob ref|12290}}
 
They make use of bows to play stringed instruments.{{book ref|sa1|33}} Their flutes are played vertically, not horizontally.{{book ref|sa1|57}}
 
Drums are popular amongst the lower-class, darkeyed population. Due to this, lighteyes typically associate drums exclusively with darkeyes, and therefore interpret them as base instruments.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}}
 
 
It is common for music to be played at lighteyed feasts.{{book ref|sa1|22}}{{book ref|sa3|19}}{{book ref|sa4|prologue}}
 
=== ClothingFashion ===
Alethi fashion varies greatly between the lighteyes and darkeyes, enforced by the division between the castes.
 
As of {{rosharan date|1173}}, Alethkar was going through a trend of bright colors and ornate frills.{{citebook ref|sa1|58}} They also have a tendency towards solid colours.{{book ref|sa3|65}}{{book ref|sa4|20}}
 
[[Liafor]] and [[Yezier]] deeply influence lighteyed fashion in Alethkar, with much of their clothing being designed in these countries, based on Alethi fashion trends with their own cultural flair.{{file ref|Contemporary Male Fashion.jpg|Contemporary Male Fashion Folio Page}}{{file ref|Vorin Havah.jpg|Vorin Havah Folio Page}}{{book ref|sa3sa2|49}} Azish fashion also has a degree of influence over Alethi fashion.{{book ref|sa2|49}}
 
Alethkar and Jah Keved have closely aligned fashion styles, enough so for Liafor to market to them using the same fashion folios.{{file ref|Contemporary Male Fashion.jpg|Contemporary Male Fashion Folio Page}}
 
A common form of male clothing, typically worn by warriors, is the [[takama]].{{book ref|sa2|38}} The takama is a form of long, straight, calf-length skirt, typically worn with a belt and shirts specifically designed for use with a takama.{{book ref|sa1|25}}{{book ref|sa3|16}} The Takama has similarities with the Veden [[vakama]] and [[ulatu]].{{book ref|sa4|20}}{{book ref|sa2|19}}
 
In late {{rosharan date|1167}}, Alethi men preferred dark colours, to contrast with the brighter feminine mode of dress.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} This changed by {{rosharan date|1173}}, with lighteyed men coming to favour bright colours.{{book ref|sa1|58}}
 
{{image|Vorin Havah.jpg|side=right|width=250px|The Vorin Havah}}
 
==== Feminine Fashion ====
 
Havah often have elaborate embroidery, often taking the form of multifarious designs, hatchings, and stylized glyphs.{{wob ref|6748}}{{book ref|sa1|43}}
 
Lighteyed women often arrange their hair high in a complex series of braids secured by four steel spikes.{{book ref|sa1|28}}{{file ref|Vorin Havah.jpg|Vorin Havah Folio Page}} These hair-spikes are considered to be traditional in Alethi culture.{{book ref|sa1|28}} Some women deign to use different metals, such as gold, to construct these spikes;{{book ref|sa1|48}} some even choose to wear a different number of spikes in their hair, such as six.{{book ref|sa1|48}} Sometimes hair-spikes are designed to resemble Shardblades.{{book ref|sa3|24}}
 
Darkeyed women tend to wear simpler clothing, and tend to wear gloves on their safehand rather than large sleeves. This is done so that they are able to more easily perform household duties.{{book ref|sa1|3}}{{book ref|sa1|6}}{{book ref|sa1|16}} Wearing a glove on the safehand in this manner is seen as immodest and an inherent sign of lower class, and therefore is not typically practiced by lighteyes.{{book ref|sa1|3}}
Like other Vorin nations, they practice a gendered division in cuisine between genders. Masculine food is often heavily spiced.{{book ref|sa2|64}}{{book ref|sa3|46}} Feminine food is made up of fruit and is often very sweet.{{book ref|sa3|68}} However, as always, ardents are immune to these gender norms and can eat whatever they wish.{{book ref|sa1|i|8}}
 
{{image|Types of Wine.jpeg|side=right|width=250px|The Colours of Alethi Wine}}
A large portion of their diet is made up of tallew and lavis, with them being used in food,{{book ref|sa2|64}}{{book ref|sa3|6}}{{book ref|sa3|67}} and alcoholic beverages.{{book ref|sa1|26}}{{book ref|sa2|46}}{{book ref|sa2|81}} Tallew is often boiled or steamed and made into soup.{{book ref|sa1|54}}{{book ref|sa2|64}}{{book ref|sa3|14}}{{book ref|sa2|i|12}} It is sometimes used as a spread on vegetables such as stagm.{{book ref|sa1|54}}
 
==== Alcohol ====
They make use of meat in several dishes, particularly using pork harvested from hogs.{{book ref|sa1|37}}{{book ref|sa3|19}}{{book ref|sa3|13}} Sometimes cooked in a savoury broth.{{book ref|sa3|19}} They also eat the meat of crabs and lanka.{{book ref|sa3|19}}{{book ref|sa3|37}}
Alethi alcohol is often made of fermented [[tallew]] or [[lavis]],{{book ref|sa1|26}}{{book ref|sa2|46}}{{book ref|sa2|81}} but are occasionally made from fruit.{{book ref|sa3|18}}
 
Their alcohol is coloured with various dyes in accordance with the strength of the beverage.{{file ref|Rosharan Wines.jpg|Rosharan Wines}} The strongest colours are not only fermented, but also distilled into spirits.{{wob ref|12920}} Parties often only make use of the weaker colours, to prevent participants from getting drunk too quickly.{{book ref|sa3|18}}
Alethi food is known for its spiciness.{{book ref|sa3|46}}{{book ref|sa1|37}} Which is often mixed into sauces and curry.{{book ref|sa1|37}}{{book ref|sa3|68}}{{book ref|sa3|13}}
 
There is a great variety of beverages even within the same colour,{{book ref|sa2|49}} such as [[Honu|hard honu]], a type of lavis grain liquor.{{book ref|sa2|81}} Some alcohol is spiced, giving it a spicy flavour.{{book ref|sa2|49}}
Stagm and other tubers are another common part of their diet.{{book ref|sa1|54}}
 
==== Curry ====
Various forms of curry are popular in Alethkar.{{book ref|sa1|37}}{{book ref|sa3|68}}{{book ref|sa3|13}}{{wob ref|2778}} Such as sweet curry,{{book ref|sa3|13}}{{book ref|sa4|24}} or spicy curry made with pungent peppers.{{book ref|sa2|24}} Some of their curries are mixed with different types of cream, primarily made from sow's milk.{{wob ref|2778}} Vegetables and meat are often mixed into curry.{{book ref|sa3|13}}{{book ref|sa3|65}}
 
In terms of texture and consistency it can vary between watery,{{book ref|sa3|13}} thick,{{book ref|sa3|78}} and creamy.{{book ref|sa3|13}}
 
Curry is often eaten with bread,{{book ref|sa2|24}}{{book ref|sa3|13}}{{book ref|sa4|85}} or rice and grain.{{book ref|sa3|78}}{{book ref|sa4|24}}
 
==== Dairy Products ====
Dairy in Alethkar is primarily produced from sows.{{wob ref|2778}} Dairy products are not in wide consumption,{{wob ref|937}}{{wob ref|14950}}{{wob ref|2778}} primarily used only in creams used in curry.{{wob ref|2778}}
 
==== Grain and Tubers ====
A large portion of their diet is made up of tallew and lavis, with them being used in food,{{book ref|sa2|64}}{{book ref|sa3|6}}{{book ref|sa3|67}} and alcoholic beverages.{{book ref|sa1|26}}{{book ref|sa2|46}}{{book ref|sa2|81}} Tallew is often boiled or steamed and made into soup.{{book ref|sa1|54}}{{book ref|sa2|64}}{{book ref|sa3|14}}{{book ref|sa2|i|12}} It is sometimes used as a spread on vegetables such as [[stagm]].{{book ref|sa1|54}}
 
Stagm and other tubers are a common part of the Alethi diet.{{book ref|sa1|54}}
 
It is common for children to eat fruited tallew rice with flatbread.{{book ref|sa1|37}}
 
==== Meat ====
They make use of a wide range of sauces of a variety of different flavours, ranging from spicy,{{book ref|sa1|37}}{{book ref|sa3|68}} to sweet,{{book ref|sa3|68}} to peppery,{{book ref|sa3|19}} to salty.{{book ref|sa2|59}}{{book ref|sa1|i|8}}{{book ref|sa1|22}}
They make use of meat in several dishes, particularly using pork harvested from hogs.{{book ref|sa1|23}}{{book ref|sa1|37}}{{book ref|sa3|19}}{{book ref|sa3|13}} Sometimes cooked in a savoury broth,{{book ref|sa3|19}} or served with chutney.{{book ref|sa1|23}}
 
Alethi sometimes eat cremlings such as [[skrip]], typically boiled or steamed, though they are considered a low quality dish.{{book ref|sa3|55}}{{book ref|sa3|68}} They also eat the meat of crabs and lanka.{{book ref|sa3|19}}{{book ref|sa3|37}} When they eat crustaceans, they typically dip the meat in curry or prepare the curry with the meat in it.{{wob ref|2778}} Though sometimes they simply serve it with a dish of grain.{{book ref|sa3|68}}
{{image|Types of Wine.jpeg|side=right|width=250px|The Colours of Alethi Wine}}
==== Alcohol ====
Alethi alcohol is often made of fermented tallew or lavis,{{book ref|sa1|26}}{{book ref|sa2|46}}{{book ref|sa2|81}} but are occasionally made from fruit.{{book ref|sa3|18}}
 
==== Seasoning and Sauces ====
Their alcohol is coloured with various dyes in accordance with the strength of the beverage.{{file ref|Rosharan Wines.jpg|Rosharan Wines}} The strongest colours are not only fermented, but also distilled into spirits.{{wob ref|12920}} Parties often only make use of the weaker colours, to prevent participants from getting drunk too quickly.{{book ref|sa3|18}}
Alethi food is known for its spiciness.{{book ref|sa2|64}}{{book ref|sa3|46}}{{book ref|sa1|37}} Which is often mixed into sauces and curry.{{book ref|sa1|37}}{{book ref|sa3|68}}{{book ref|sa3|13}}
 
ThereThey ismake use of a greatwide varietyrange of beveragessauces evenof withina thevariety sameof colourdifferent flavours, ranging from spicy,{{book ref|sa2sa1|4937}}{{book suchref|sa3|68}} asto hard honusweet,{{book aref|sa3|68}} typeto ofpeppery,{{book lavisref|sa3|19}} grainto liquorsalty.{{book ref|sa2|8159}}{{book Some alcohol is spiced, giving it a spicy flavour.ref|sa1|i|8}}{{book ref|sa2sa1|4922}}
 
=== Architecture ===
{{for|Vorinism}}
 
Alethkar is one of the five great [[Vorin]] Kingdoms, with the vast majority of their populace worshipping the [[Almighty]].{{book ref|sa1|3}} The worship is mostly carried out by the priests, called the [[ardent]]s. The ardents, while influential, are not free -- rather, they are slaves to various [[lighteyes]]. Unlike most other professions, ardentia is open to both men and women, and to people from all social castes.{{book ref|sa2|11}} Ardents are considered genderless from a social standpoint, and as such, many of the Vorin taboos regarding gender and gender roles do not apply to them.{{book ref|sa2|44}} They are also the only people permitted to use [[Soulcaster]]s.
 
Unlike other varieties of Vorinism, the Alethi are not required to be personally devout, or to perform religious ceremonies. While each citizen is supposed to pick their [[Calling]] and Glory -- their goal in life, and the aspect of the Almighty they wish to emulate{{book ref|sa1|18}} -- the actual religious part of the religion is handled by the ardents, who perform the requisite rituals and prayers for their masters, so as to reassure them of their righteousness.{{book ref|sa3|89}} The Alethi themselves rarely interact with the Almighty, save for an occassional glyphward or prayer.{{book ref|sa3|15}}
 
=== Death and Funerary Culture ===
Wealthy lighteyes tend to have their bodies soulcast into stone or metal statues.{{book ref|sa1|41}}{{book ref|sa2|2}}{{book ref|sa3|29}}{{book ref|sa4|114}} They are positioned by mortuary sculptors before being soulcast into stone, leaving them suitable for display.{{book ref|sa3|105}}
 
Darkeyes tend to have their dead burned.{{book ref|sa1|27}}{{book ref|sa2|2}}{{book ref|sa3|29}} Although some very wealthy darkeyes get different treatment.{{book ref|sa1|27}}
 
Their conception of gender roles is deeply rooted in ''[[Arts and Majesty]]'', an ancient work of Rosharan literature that defines certain topics and practices as feminine or masculine.{{book ref|sa2|25}}{{wob ref|6245}}
 
=== Games, Sports, and Entertainment ===
 
==== Festivals ====
Alethkar practices various fairs and festivals to celebrate special occasions.
 
One such festival practiced in Alethkar is the [[Middlefest Fair]], which celebrates the coming of the [[Midpeace]].{{book ref|sa1|4}}{{book ref|sa2|45}}
 
==== Games ====
Due to Vorin precepts against predicting the future, Alethi culture has a distaste for gambling and games involving random chance. Thus their games tend to revolve around skill rather than chance.
 
One popular game in Alethi culture is [[Breakneck]], particularly among darkeyes.{{book ref|sa1|25}}{{book ref|sa4|12}} Other popular games include [[Pieces]],{{book ref|sa3|40}} [[Pawns]],{{book ref|sa3|11}} [[Runaround]],{{book ref|sa4|79}} [[Towers]],{{book ref|sa4|79}} and an unnamed [[Rosharan card game]].{{book ref|sa3|14}}{{book ref|sa3|17}}
 
==== Sports ====
[[Vehah]] is a traditional wrestling style practiced in Alethkar.{{book ref|sa3|16}}
 
== Politics ==
The monarchy's power over the highprinces, however limited, is primarily maintained through military strength and access to soulcasters, which he taxes highprinces for their rights to use.{{book ref|sa1|15}} In part due to the limited power of the king, many people feel more connection and loyalty to their highprince or local lord than they do to the king themself, or to the institution of the monarchy.{{book ref|sa1|24}}
 
The kingmonarch has the right to promote individuals into the position of a classical Highprince if they deem it necessary, therefore consolidating inter-princedom national power in certain aspects of government into individuals.{{book ref|sa1|18}} This right is controversial, and only began to be put into use late into the War of Reckoning in {{rosharan date|1173}}, when King Elhokar granted highprince Torol Sadeas the position of [[Highprince of Information]] and Dalinar Kholin the position of [[Highprince of War]].{{book ref|sa1|18}}{{book ref|sa1|69}}
 
Jasnah Kholin, the current queen, expresseshas expressed an interest in disbanding the monarchy after the True Desolation is over.{{book ref|sa4|50}}
 
==== Rules of Succession ====
Each Princedom is further divided into named regions, such as [[Akanny]] in the Sadeas Princedom.{{book ref|sa3|10}} These regions are controlled by Brightlords or Highlords that hold extensive land and property within a princedom, and collect taxes from the citylords.{{book ref|sa3|116}}
 
Another level down from regions are individual settlements, which are ruled by citylords. When a citylord dies without a proper heir, a new citylord is sent to replace them. These citylords own the land and territory of a settlement, and rent it out to inhabitants.{{book ref|sa1|16}}{{book ref|sa1|25}} These inhabitants pay an income tax, which varies depending upon the size and purpose of the settlement in question, with smaller farming towns like [[Hearthstone]] primarily paying in produce such as lavis grain, while larger cities levy more financial taxes. Furthermore, the citylord only gets a portion of the collected taxes, with most going to their own local highlord, or to their local Highprince.{{book ref|sa3|116}}{{wob ref|13449}}
 
Citylords have legal authority over those on their manor, and are allowed to impresspress them into passing armies at will, so long as they are over the age of fifteen and aren’t vital to the community. They are also able to forbid an individual from willingly joining into service.{{book ref|sa1|16}}{{book ref|sa1|37}}{{book ref|sa1|44}}
 
Citylords are ultimately subservient to the lord of the territory that they inhabit, and in various ways have to pay tribute to their local lord.{{book ref|sa3|116}}{{wob ref|13449}}
They have repeatedly fought with the neighboring [[Jah Keved]], fighting for territory at their shared border.{{book ref|sa1|16}}{{book ref|sa3|52}} These wars tend to be pushed more by western Highprinces instead of by national efforts pushed forward by the crown.{{book ref|sa1|16}} At the same time, marriage of lighteyes between nations is nothing seen as particularly out of the ordinary, nor is it forbidden by any religious tenants or national laws.{{book ref|sa2|1}}
 
Through trade treaties, they are able to trade with Jah KavedKeved for cheap.{{book ref|sa3|66}}
 
==== Kharbranth ====
 
==== Listeners ====
When they first met, the Listenerslisteners and Alethi had a positive relationship. whichAfter a number of expeditions the Alethi wished to formalize their relationship, eventuallywhich led to the formationestablishment of a treaty between the two peoples in {{Rosharan date|1167|10|missing-date=y}}.{{book ref|sa1|6}}{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} HoweverThis thistreaty peacecontained brokeclauses downto oncesimplify Kingtrade Gavilarbetween Kholinthe waspeoples assassinatedand underfor Listenermutual orders,border leadingcrossing. toThe thetreaty enactmentalso ofprevented the Vengencelisteners Pactfrom andtrading thetheir beginningShards ofto theother Warkingdoms ofwithout Reckoningfirst againstcoming the Listenerto peopleAlethkar.{{cite}} ThisAside slaughterfrom ofthese theirclauses peoplethe wouldtreaty continuealso allowed for sixone years,party untilto itlegally ended withattack the startother of the True Desolation on {{Rosharan date|1173|10|10|3}}party.{{book ref|sa2sa4|8777}}
 
Peace quickly broke down however when on the very night that the treaty was signed King Gavilar Kholin was assassinated under listener orders, which lead to the enactment of the Vengence Pact and the beginning of the War of Reckoning against the listener people.{{book ref|sa3|105}} This slaughter of their people would continue for six years, until it ended with the start of the True Desolation on {{Rosharan date|1173|10|10|3}}.{{book ref|sa2|87}}
The Alethi see the Listeners as sub-human savages barely capable of thought, and spread that supremacist ideology amongst their people and their soldiers.{{cite}}
 
The Alethi see the listeners as sub-human savages barely capable of thought, and spread that supremacist ideology amongst their people and their soldiers.{{cite}}
 
==== Marabethia ====
 
==== Reshi Isles ====
Throughout their history, Alethkar and the [[Reshi|Reshi Isles]] have been in a state of near constant conflict, seen in conflicts such as the [[Wastescum skirmishes]].{{book ref|sa1|16}}{{book ref|sa1|18}}{{wob ref|3664}} Attacks at the northern border continued even long into the War of Reckoning.{{citebook ref|sa1|52}}<!--mentioned multiple times in WoK, need to find the citations--> The Alethi conquest of [[Akak]], and their extermination of the Akak Reshi, likely played a role in Reshi aggression towards Alethkar.{{book ref|sa1|56}}{{book ref|sa3|52}}
 
They appear to have good relationships with at least a few Reshi islands, with some providing chulls and handlers to the Alethi military during the War of Reckoning.{{book ref|sa1|28}} During the True Desolation, in the year {{rosharan date|1174}}, they allied with the Reshi isle of [[Relu-na]] and their king [[Ral-na]].{{citebook ref|sa3.5|3}}
 
==== Thaylenah ====
 
== Military ==
=== Enlistment and Wages ===
==== Enlistment ====
Any man, lighteyed or darkeyed, can volunteer to join the military. Most of the volunteers are boys, their head full of ideas about glory and Shards. When needed, conscription can also used to gain more men.{{book ref|sa1|44}}
 
It is seen as a citylord’s duty to handpick men to conscript into the army. There are limitations to this system however, a citylord isn’t allowed to conscript someone who provides an essential service to the community, such as a surgeon. Recruits may bring two changes of clothing and three stoneweights of other possessions with them.{{book ref|sa1|44}}
 
Each enlistment lasts four years, after which a soldier can choose to enlist for another four years. Upon completion of his time in the army, he will receive a war bonus, equal to one tenth of his total wages. If a darkeyed soldier manages to distinguish himself and rise to a high rank, he could also rise in nahn.{{book ref|sa1|44}}
 
==== Wages ====
Alethi soldiers are well paid, although their wages are based upon military rank and caste.{{book ref|sa3|2}} The average darkeyed spearman is paid five clearmarks a day.{{book ref|sa1|27}} As higher ranking men, someone in the personal guard of a lighteyes generally thrice as much as the wage of a standard spearman, which translates to about 15 clearmarks each day.{{book ref|sa1|73}} Military slaves are paid a fifth of the wage of a darkeyed soldier, around one clearmark a day.{{book ref|sa1|27}}{{book ref|sa1|4}}
 
There are a number ways to earn money outside of your wages. A lot of low ranking men in the military are susceptible to bribes.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Some men also try to steal from the dead, although this is strictly prohibited by the officers. If a group of regular soldiers has killed a noteworthy target, usually an important brightlord, they can send for their captainlord, who will confirm the kill, to earn a reward.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Many armies allow their soldiers to pillage a conquered city or town, which is a large source of wealth to the soldiers.{{book ref|sa3|3}} When a soldier dies, his highprince needs to pay his family.{{book ref|sa2|40}}
 
=== Command structure ===
==== Leadership ====
The Alethi military not a single unified entity, rather, it is a loose coalition of ten different militaries. These ten militaries are sworn directly to their respective highprinces. This means that the king has very little say in how the military is run; he doesn’t command anything other then the two hundred and fifty strong King’s Guard.{{book ref|sa2|5}} There is constant in-fighting between the highprinces' armies, even during wartime,{{book ref|sa1|47}} and cooperation between the highprinces themselves is seen as a weakness.{{book ref|sa1|54}} This is bolstered by the tenets of Vorinism that say the purpose of life is to prepare in order to join the Heralds in the fight to regain the [[Tranquiline Halls]] and Alethi belief that everything is a competition in life.{{book ref|sa1|15}} Recently, in an effort to truly unify the kingdom, [[Dalinar Kholin]] has been appointed as the [[Highprince of War]] by the king. This title was used in Alethkar before being fragmented into ten princedoms when each highprince was given the ultimate authority over one aspect of the governing of the kingdom. On paper, this gives Kholin authority over all war-related activities.{{book ref|sa1|69}}
 
Aside from this division between the armies, the Alethi have excellent leadership. This is mostly due to how for the Alethi, being a leader essentially the same is as being a general.{{book ref|sa4|27}} Alethi officers, be it low ranking or high ranking officers, learn how to properly and effectively boost the morale of their troops.{{book ref|sa3|78}} If a commander, like a captain or companylord, isn’t in place to give commands, the most senior of his officers has command.{{book ref|sa3|73}}
 
{| class="infobox side" style="width: 22em; float:right; font-size: 88%;"
!colspan='3' style="text-align:center; background:#cce" |'''Chain of command'''
|}
 
==== Ranks ====
The modern Alethi army is one of the strongest military forces on Roshar with well over 100,000 troops{{book ref|sa1|6}} and over thirty [[Shardbearer]]s.{{book ref|sa2|5}} The army employs most of its troops as spearmen and archers, as well as a very small amount of cavalry due to the rarity of horses on Roshar;{{book ref|sa1|6}} only the officers wield swords because, according to Vorin traditions, the sword is regarded as a lighteyed's weapon.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} Soldiers are usually trained in one or two additional Skills, i.e. horse grooms.{{book ref|twok|28}} Under most circumstances, military service is voluntary, though the leaders of the army has the right of conscription for darkeyes that do not provide an essential function to a community (e.g. a town's only surgeon) when they feel there is need for additional troops.{{book ref|sa1|44}} It is extremely rare for a darkeyed soldier to rise higher than the rank of squadleader.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Lighteyed officers that have the command of a branch of the army are usually referred by their duties (e.g. cavalrylord, infantrylord).{{book ref|sa1|26}}
The Alethi military is complex and contains many ranks. The figure to the right shows some of the ranks and gives some information about them. Besides these, there are a few extra ranks or duties. One such rank is highmarshal. It is unknown what the position of highmarshal entails, but it is a high rank, and most highmarshals command a large force of soldiers practically by themselves.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Some officers are responsible for a branch of the army, such as the infantry or cavalry, these officers are referred to by their duties, along with the suffix -lord (e.g. cavalrylord, infantrylord).{{book ref|sa1|26}} Besides these ranks, some officers gain command of certain parts of the army (e.g. the rearguard). These officers are referred to as ‘commander of the … (part of the army)’ (e.g. commander of the rearguard).{{book ref|sa1|68}} It is not known whether this is a rank or a duty. It is extremely rare for a darkeyed soldier to rise higher than the rank of squadleader.{{book ref|sa1|47}}
 
=== Equipment ===
Despite Alethkar being a monarchy, the king has very little actual say in how the military is run and does not directly command any force other than the 250-strong King's Guard. The troops are sworn to and led by their individual highprinces.{{book ref|sa2|5}} In that sense, Alethkar army is not truly a unified army, but a loose coalition between ten smaller armies. Indeed, even in wartime, there is constant in-fighting between the highprinces' armies,{{book ref|sa1|47}} and cooperation between the highprinces themselves is seen as a weakness;{{book ref|sa1|54}} this is bolstered by the tenets of Vorinism that say the purpose of life is to prepare in order to join the Heralds in the fight to regain the [[Tranquiline Halls]] and Alethi belief that everything is a competition in life.{{book ref|sa1|15}}
==== Uniforms ====
Although uniforms differ between princedoms and even armies, most Alethi wear something very similar. Uniforms are usually coloured with the colours of their wearer’s highprince.{{book ref|sa1|46}}{{book ref|sa1|58}}{{book ref|sa3|116}}
 
Uniforms are generally comprised of trousers, a jacket, which often comes down to the waist and sometimes buttons closed beneath the belt, a shirt and boots.{{book ref|sa2|2}}{{book ref|sa3|59}} Some traditional generals still outfit their soldiers with [[takama]]s instead of trousers.{{book ref|sa2|52}} Uniforms, both the ones owned common soldiers and the ones owned by high ranking lighteyed officers, always have a patch to indicate the duty and unit of the wearer.{{book ref|sa2|2}} Uniforms also always have their Highprince’s glyphpair displayed prominently, both on the back and the breast.{{book ref|sa1|18}} Some men choose to further personalize their uniforms by adding embrodiery or colourful scarfs.{{book ref|sa2|44}} When it rains soldiers may choose to wear a stormcoat over their uniform, and there are often umbrellas ready for officers.{{book ref|sa2|81}}
Because of the immense size of the army and the difficulty of travel, compounded by the poor supply line infrastructure of Alethkar,{{wob ref|3824}} [[Soulcasting]] plays a vital role in supplying the army with wood, metal, food, and many other necessities, as well as being used in building fortifications. The king controls most of the Soulcaster ardents; in fact, manipulating the highprinces with his Soulcasters is one of the ways that the king maintains a control over them.{{book ref|sa1|15}}
 
An officer’s uniform is usually comprised of a waistcoat and a double breasted longcoat, sometimes decorated with precious metals, although never with embroidery. These longcoats, called officer’s coats, are approximately waistlength and are supposed to hang unbuttoned.{{book ref|sa1|22}}{{book ref|sa2|2}} Recruits wear a patch, appropriately called a recruit’s patch, to signify their rank.{{book ref|sa2|24}} Army surgeons wear white clothing.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Messenger women often wear travelling dresses of a particular fashion. These dresses have the front and back slit open, all the way to the waist, to allow for greater mobility.{{book ref|sa2|76}} They, and likely messenger boys as well, also wear something called a runner’s sash.{{book ref|sa2|81}}
Recently, in an effort to truly unify the kingdom, [[Dalinar Kholin]] has been appointed as the [[Highprince of War]] by the king. This title was used in Alethkar before being fragmented into ten princedoms when each highprince was given the ultimate authority over one aspect of the governing of the kingdom. On paper, this gives Kholin authority over all war-related activities.{{book ref|sa1|69}}
 
Officers are distinguished by knots on a cord across the epaulette, with the amount of knots and their colour signifying their military rank, and their rank in the Alethi caste system.{{book ref|sa1|1}}{{book ref|sa1|6}}{{book ref|sa1|17}}{{book ref|sa1|26}}{{book ref|sa1|46}}{{book ref|sa1|47}}{{book ref|sa1|58}}{{book ref|sa1|67}} White knots indicate a citizen officer, that is a sergeant or squadleader;{{book ref|sa1|1}}{{book ref|sa1|6}}{{book ref|sa1|46}} red knots indicate an officer of seventh dahn;{{book ref|sa1|46}} and gold knots indicate second or third dahn;{{book ref|sa1|26}}{{book ref|sa1|46}} It can also distinguish between low captain,{{book ref|sa1|67}} captain,{{book ref|sa2|25}}{{book ref|sa3|83}}{{book ref|sa3|117}} captainlord,{{book ref|sa3|63}} lieutenant,{{book ref|sa3|i|14}} sergeant,{{book ref|sa3|6}} and battalionlord.{{book ref|sa4|40}} Soldiers without authority bear no knots.{{book ref|sa1|17}}{{book ref|sa1|46}}{{book ref|sa1|67}}{{book ref|sa4|23}}
The Alethi military is currently one of the major military forces fighting against the Fused Invasion, most notably during the [[Battle of Thaylen Field]] and the Emuli Campaign.{{book ref|sa3|115}}{{book ref|sa4|19}}{{book ref|sa4|112}} Although many more battles and skirmishes were fought between the two armies between {{rosharan date|1173}} and {{rosharan date|1175}}.{{cite}} They also led the Evacuation of Hearthstone in early {{rosharan date|1175}}.{{book ref|sa4|1}} They are currently centered around and stationed in Urithiru.{{book ref|sa4|116}}
 
==== UniformsArmor ====
The Alethi are outfitted with a large variety of armours, what a soldier wears depends on their job, wealth, and rank. Regardless of these factors however, soldiers almost always wear the colors of their highprince.{{book ref|sa1|47}}
Higher ranking officers are distinguished by knots on a cord across the epaulette, with the amount of knots and their colour signifying their military rank, and their rank in the Alethi caste system.{{book ref|sa1|1}}{{book ref|sa1|6}}{{book ref|sa1|17}}{{book ref|sa1|26}}{{book ref|sa1|46}}{{book ref|sa1|47}}{{book ref|sa1|58}}{{book ref|sa1|67}} White knots indicate a citizen officer, that is a sergeant or squadleader;{{book ref|sa1|1}}{{book ref|sa1|6}}{{book ref|sa1|46}} red knots indicate an officer of seventh dahn;{{book ref|sa1|46}} and gold knots indicate second or third dahn;{{book ref|sa1|26}}{{book ref|sa1|46}} It can also distinguish between low captain,{{book ref|sa1|67}} captain,{{book ref|sa2|25}}{{book ref|sa3|83}}{{book ref|sa3|117}} captainlord,{{book ref|sa3|63}} lieutenant,{{book ref|sa3|i|14}} sergeant,{{book ref|sa3|6}} and battalionlord.{{book ref|sa4|40}} Soldiers without authority bear no knots.{{book ref|sa1|17}}{{book ref|sa1|46}}{{book ref|sa1|67}}{{book ref|sa4|23}}
 
Regular spearmen wear special knee-length skirts, which are appropriately named spearmen skirts.{{book ref|sa1|1}} It is forbidden for spearmen, even squadleaders, to wear trousers, although this rule isn’t taken very serious; respected soldiers won’t get into trouble for breaking it.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Regular spearmen wear steel breastplates, which have emblems on them, and leather jerkins, they also don’t seem to wear any arm or leg guards.{{book ref|sa1|1}} Besides these armor pieces they also wear steel, or sometimes leather, caps.{{book ref|sa1|1}}{{book ref|sa4|108}} Wealthier soldiers, or those in professional armies, may also wear chainmail.{{book ref|sa2|2}} Archers generally wear leather vests,{{book ref|sa1|57}} while heavy infantry wears thick steel armour.{{book ref|sa1|4}}
Exact uniform varies between armies, usually coloured to signify the banner they fight under.{{book ref|sa1|46}}{{book ref|sa1|58}}{{book ref|sa3|116}} Some men choose to further personalize their uniforms with embrodiery or colourful scarfs.{{book ref|sa2|44}} Uniforms are always worn with an undershirt alongside the uniform itself.{{book ref|sa3|59}}
 
Wealthy lighteyes often wear steel plate armour. At least some lighteyes decorate their plate armour to resemble Shardplate. Some lighteyes prefer helms with open visors to helms with closed visors.{{book ref|sa3|3}} Some lighteyed soldiers also decorate their helmets with bird plumes.{{book ref|sa3|11}} Many lighteyes wear breakaway, so that if an enemy grips the garment it breaks away from the armour, cloaks or capes, which are often emblazoned with their house’s glyphpair.{{book ref|sa2|56}}{{book ref|sa3|3}} High ranking Brightlords may sometimes have a shieldbearer with them.{{book ref|sa1|24}} The Alethi also have access to a number of sets of [[Shardplate]]. While the natural color of dead Shardplate is slate-grey,{{book ref|sa1|12}} it is extremely common among the Alethi to change the appearance of one's Shardplate by painting it or adorning it with decorative details or even gemstones.{{book ref|sa1|12}}
=== Armaments ===
Darkeyed soldiers are primarily trained in spears and axes,{{book ref|sa1|26}} with swords being used only by higher-ranking lighteyes.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} Axes, however, are a nonstandard weapon usually only given to squadleaders and above.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Some soldiers use halberds, although how common they are is unclear.{{book ref|sa4|77}}
 
==== Weaponry ====
Foot soldiers were typically armored with steel breastplates, while archers were clothed with leather vests.{{book ref|sa1|27}} Ordinary foot soldiers have minimal armor, typically not wearing arm or leg guards.{{book ref|sa1|27}} Darkeyes in the armies of Brightlords tend to be dressed in leather armor.{{book ref|sa4|108}} Wealthier lighteyed soldiers wear far finer suits of armor, indicative of their status.{{book ref|sa1|27}} Armor is often marked with a rank insignia that indicated the dahn and military position that a person is a part of.{{book ref|sa1|27}}
Most of the Alethi soldiers are equipped with spears, both longspears and shortspears,{{book ref|sa2|81}} and shields.{{book ref|sa1|47}} The Alethi also use maces,{{book ref|sa2|6}} polearms, pikes and halberds.{{book ref|sa3|11}}{{book ref|sa3|73}}{{book ref|sa4|77}} Spears are generally used alongside large round shields, which have a metal plate set into the wood.{{book ref|sa1|1}} Instead of round shields, pikes are used alongside large rectangular shields.{{book ref|sa3|73}} The round shields used by spearmen are designed to hang from someone’s back, shields are also painted to indicate one’s loyalty, this allows the soldiers to distinguish between friends and foes. Some soldiers strap knife sheaths to the haft of their spear.{{book ref|sa1|1}} The Alethi also use truncheons when they don’t want to kill.{{book ref|sa3|73}} The Alethi are skilled in the use of bows, of which most are shortbows. Despite this, longbows are also used.{{book ref|sa3|3}} Most soldiers can’t choose what weapons to wield themselves; their weapons depend on their position in the army (e.g. spears for spearmen and bows for archers). Some higher ranking soldiers however, like squadleaders, are allowed to choose weapons.{{book ref|sa1|47}}
 
Only lighteyes wield swords, although almost never as primary weapons, because according to Vorin traditions the sword is a lighteyed's weapon.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} These swords include both longswords and shortswords.{{book ref|sa4|35}} One handed swords are often wielded with small round shields.{{book ref|sa3|73}} Alethi heavy infantry, which always consists of lighteyed men, carries heavy impact based weapons such as maces, they also often carry square steel shields.{{book ref|sa1|6}} Due to Vorin cultural ideas women can’t be armed, even scouts are only allowed to wear knives.{{book ref|sa3|70}} The Alethi also have a number of [[Shardblade]]s, around twenty, these blades are used effectively in combat.{{book ref|sa1|56}}
The Kholinar Wall Guard wears steel breastplates and helms.{{book ref|sa3|82}}
 
=== WagesStrategy ===
==== Troops ====
Wages are based upon ones military rank and caste.{{book ref|sa3|2}} The average darkeyed soldier is payed five clearmarks a day.{{book ref|sa1|27}} Military slaves are paid less than half that of a darkeyed soldier, around one clearmark a day.{{book ref|sa1|27}}{{book ref|sa1|4}}
The Alethi Military has a lot of soldiers, approximately a hundred fifty thousand troops.{{book ref|sa1|22}} Most of these troops are darkeyed spearmen, with a smaller percentage of lighteyed heavy infantry and archers.{{book ref|sa1|6}}{{book ref|sa3|26}} At the tail end of the Era of Solitude Alethi warfare started to include more and more cavalry,{{book ref|sa3|73}} an army in the year 1145 would have about fifty horsemen,{{book ref|sa3|26}} if not less, while an army in 1173 would have several hundred horsemen.{{book ref|sa3|6}} The Alethi armies aren’t entirely made up of Alethi, they also contain people from different nations, such as Herdaz,{{book ref|sa2|22}} and Jah Keved.{{book ref|sa1|1}} The Alethi also employ many army surgeons, their apprentices are almost all men who have some incapacitation, preventing them from fighting.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Following the start of the True Desolation, the Alethi armies began employing [[Surge|surgebinders]] to aid in their war efforts.{{book ref|sa4|64}} Foremost among these surgebinders are those of the [[Order of Windrunners]]. Besides the Windrunners the Alethi employ a large number of [[Order of Edgedancers|Edgedancers]], with a smaller number of [[Order of Lightweavers|Lightweavers]].{{book ref|sa4|3}}{{book ref|sa4|20}}
 
Each of the Alethi armies has it’s own strength, with the [[Kholin princedom|Kholin]] army having the best heavy infantry, the [[Roion princedom|Roion]] army the best archers and the [[Sadeas princedom|Sadeas]] army the fastest bridges, at least during the [[War of Reckoning]].{{book ref|sa1|24}}
=== Shards ===
According to official records, Alethkar possesses more [[Shardblade]]s than any other nation on Roshar, with only [[Jah Keved]] coming anywhere close.{{book ref|sa1|23}} These Shards are used effectively in combat to overwhelm non-Shardbearer armies.{{book ref|sa1|26}}
 
==== Formations ====
During the War of Reckoning, their Shardblades were used in order to cut through chasmfiend chrysalises in order to harvest gemhearts.{{book ref|sa1|12}}
The Alethi make use of a wide variety of formations. They generally fight in a shield wall.{{book ref|sa1|65}} However, they also have many other formations. One such formation is called ‘pincer pattern’. This formation looks, as the name suggests, like a pincer, the formation is meant to distract and then destroy an enemy target. The troops at the side generally distract the target while the troops in the middle go for the kill. Pincer pattern is meant to be used by a large number of men, like a full squad or company.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Soldiers are also trained to assemble and function in pike blocks to counter heavy cavalry.{{book ref|sa3|73}} Another, unnamed, formation has the men spread out, the first line holds their spears low while the second line holds their spears higher in an overhand grip.{{book ref|sa3|29}}
 
Another formation is called the trident formation, this is a small-squad battlefield formation used by spearmen. The men, or man, in the middle hold(s) the target’s attention while those on the outside attack from the flanks.{{book ref|sa2|32}} Squads are trained to fight in a V formation, they also learn a number of marching formations, one of these formations is the hefty rearguard formation, which focuses on the rearguard to prevent enemies from sneaking up on the troops.{{book ref|sa1|1}}{{book ref|sa3|29}} There are also a number of formations that aren’t used on the battlefield. One such formation is used during an inspection, the men will stand in lines while the officer(s) check(s) their gear.{{book ref|sa3|78}}
=== Knights Radiant ===
Following the start of the True Desolation, a notably large amount of their army is made up of [[Knights Radiant]], primarily those of the [[Order of Windrunners]] and the [[Order of Edgedancers]], with a smaller but still notable number in the [[Order of Lightweavers]].{{book ref|sa4|3}}{{book ref|sa4|20}} They are used effectively as a means of transport and combat against the Fused and [[Regal]]s.{{book ref|sa4|9}}{{cite}}
{{image|Sadeas bridges.jpg|side=right|width=300px}}
 
==== BridgeBattlefield Crewstactics ====
The Alethi employ a wide range of tactics. One popular tactic that is often used by the Alethi is the hammer and anvil tactic.{{book ref|sa3|3}} The Alethi are also practiced at executing a fake rout, often leading to an ambush.{{book ref|sa4|41}}
 
The Alethi infantry is usually employed in large block like formations, these blocks can get very large, with some of them being five thousand men strong.{{book ref|sa4|64}} These standard spearmen blocks engage enemies as much as to position them as to do harm.{{book ref|sa3|26}} The Alethi infantry blocks are also extremely mobile, far more so then infantry blocks from other militaries.{{book ref|sa4|47}} The Alethi infantry uses their shields, forming a canopy of sorts, to protect from arrows and throwing spears.{{book ref|sa3|26}} In these spearmen blocks, the front row of soldiers rotates to the back every ten minutes.{{book ref|sa4|64}} This means that for every minute you're fighting, you also have a minute to rest.{{book ref|sa4|49}} For most of Alethi history, due to lack of horses, light infantry was used to harry enemy armies.{{book ref|sa3|52}}
 
{{sidequote|All wars are games. The greatest kind, with the pieces lost real lives, the prizes captured making for real wealth! This is the life for which men exist. To fight, to kill, to win.|The [[Sadees|Sunmaker]], who shaped modern Alethi militarism{{book ref|sa1|24}}|side=right|size =300px}}
 
Cavalry has never played a large role in Alethi warfare, at least, until recent times. Warfare has started to include more and more cavalry.{{book ref|sa3|73}} Cavalry has historically been used to fight shardbearers,{{book ref|sa3|26}} and has more recently begun being used to break lines.{{book ref|sa1|67}} Cavalry was used extensively during the [[War of Reckoning]], mainly to break ‘Parshendi’ lines and establish a beachhead for the rest of the army to exploit.{{book ref|sa1|17}}
 
While the soldiers are trained to fight in formations, some battles, the ones fought between largely unprofessional armies, immediately start with a charge, the lines and formations disintegrating. These battles are extremely chaotic, the armies often mingle indistinguishably and squads split up to fight other small groups.
 
The Alethi are excellent, by modern standards, at using their surgebinders. Windrunners are used to launch aerial assaults on the enemy, defend the Alethi armies against other [[Surgebinding#gravitation|lashing]] surgebinders and aid in conventional ground attacks.{{book ref|sa4|64}} Besides this, the Windrunners scout the surrounding landscape and aid in moving troops, mostly generals or other high ranking officers, around.{{book ref|sa4|111}} The Edgedancers are mainly used as medics, with their use of the surge of Progression the Edgedancers can heal anyone in a matter of seconds. In contrast to these surgebinders, the Lightweavers don’t enter combat, instead they serve mostly as spies.
 
The Alethi generals are constantly trying to get an edge over each other, ensuring that Alethi warfare rapidly evolves. During the Unification of Alethkar, around the year 1145, the Kholin army implemented new tactics. These tactics saw the Kholin army dominate other Alethi armies, such as the one commanded by [[Kalanor]]. The army would largely be made up of lighteyed heavy infantry and lightly armoured but fast archers. The middle of the army would contain the heavy infantry, which served to keep the enemy infantry busy, while mobile archer units deployed to the sides, firing down upon the enemy flanks. The enemy infantry would often attempt to engage the archers, but the heavy infantry prevented this, threatening to break through the central block.{{book ref|sa3|26}} It is likely that this strategy evolved into another, which has become commonplace by the year 1172. This evolved strategy had infantry carrying shortspears in the first ranks, men carrying longspears or javelins behind, while the strategy kept the original idea of having archers at the sides.{{book ref|sa1|1}} At some point during the year 1163, the Alethi began to make use of small and mobile squads.{{book ref|sa3|66}}
 
After the assassination of king Gavilar the Alethi armies saw themselves pitted against the [[listener]]s, who used different and previously unknown strategies. These strategies, along with the listener advantages such as carapace armour, resulted in a number of embarrassing Alethi defeats. They eventually adapted to the [[listener]] strategies by increasing the flexibility of their armies, making them able to respond quickly to the uncanny way the listeners fought. Likewise, during the True Desolation, warfare began to change. There were far fewer large scale formations, those became far to easy to disrupt. Instead men spent their time in protected warcamps, occasionally making a sudden surge to claim ground and shove away the enemy. During this time battles changed from decisive engagements to several month long fights.{{book ref|sa4|43}}
 
Sieges are rare in Alethkar, and often last only a short time. This is due to soulcasters, which make it almost impossible to starve a city out. Instead, the Alethi break down the walls quickly, seize the high ground to pound the city for a while or simply attack, attempting to scale and conquer the walls.{{book ref|sa3|19}}{{book ref|sa3|11}} During a siege, a general has to make a difficult decision, which is widely regarded as a conundrum, does he choose the best position to weather storms, or does he seize the high ground. Most generals choose the former.{{book ref|sa1|22}}
 
==== Shardbearer tactics ====
With over thirty [[Shardbearer]]s,{{book ref|sa2|5}} the Alethi have become incredibly skilled at employing and fighting alongside their Shardbearers.
 
Alethi Shardbearers often lead formations, cutting a hole through enemy ranks with their overwhelming force.{{book ref|sa1|68}} This creates a gap that the well-trained Alethi soldiers can exploit, which can even allow for an army to overcome superior numbers. Shardbearers will also sometimes be used in defensive fights to close the gaps in their own lines, moving quickly between weak places to give soldiers a chance to recover and return to their formation.{{book ref|sa1|67}} Alethi Shardbearers almost always have an honorguard with them, which follows them into enemy lines.{{book ref|sa1|56}} This honor guard does not spend time defending the Shardbearer directly, but rather stays nearby to support the Shardbearer, so if his Plate is severely damaged or he is seriously injured, the Shardbearer can retreat to safety and not risk their life or their Shards.{{book ref|sa1|28}}
 
The Alethi have also become adept at countering Shards. They have learned that the best way is to send another Shardbearer against them.{{book ref|sa1|24}} By leveling the playing field in this way, the overwhelming power of a Shardbearer is negated and victory is left to the most skilled of the fighters.{{book ref|sa2|54}} Aside from that, they use heavy weapons such as war hammers and axes in an attempt to shatter the plate.{{book ref|sa1|56}} The most common tactic employed by the Alethi is to simply drown a Shardbearer in enemies.{{book ref|sa2|85}} There are also soldiers trained specifically to deal with Shardbearers. They utilize ropes and hooks to try to unbalance or trip the shardbearer, though this isn't always successful as shardplates are extremely heavy.{{book ref|sa2|81}} Some Alethi Fortifications are built to withstand Shardbearers. These fortifications are built with narrow corridors to prevent a bulky Shardbearer from maneuvering.{{book ref|sa3|66}}
 
==== Bridge Crews ====
{{for|Bridge crew}}
{{image|Sadeas bridges.jpg|side=right|width=300px}}
 
Bridge Crews were a very important part of most of the armyAlethi armies during the War of Reckoning, serving as an expendable workforce that carried bridges to help soldiers cross over the large chasms between plateaus. They also acted as canon fodder for Parshendi bowmen, as to direct attention away from more trained and valued soldiers.{{book ref|sa1|32}} Due to this, bridgemen had a very high mortality rate, with around half a crew dying per run.{{book ref|sa1|9}}
 
Each Bridge Crew was made up of 35-40 men, which were lead by a Bridge sergeant, who reports directly to the Brightlord in charge of the crews.{{book ref|sa1|6}}{{book ref|sa1|17}} Each crew has an internal leader elected amongst themselves known as the bridge leader, who has no official authority outside of that which his crewmembers choose to give him.{{book ref|sa1|14}} Members of bridge crews were typically payed five clearmarks a week, given on the third day of every week.{{book ref|sa1|11}}{{book ref|sa1|14}}{{book ref|sa1|27}}
 
The bridges used by Torol Sadeas's army are typically eight feet wide and two feet thick, with supports on both sides extending its width to sixteen feet. They are also thirty feet long, and allowed one to set up 8 men per column and 5 men per row.{{file ref|Sadeas_bridges.jpg|Bridge Run Interior Art}}
 
While not on bridge runs, they are typically used as cheap manpower to preformperform undesirable duties at war camps, such as chasm or latrine duty.{{book ref|sa1|27}}
 
Not all highprinces made use of bridge crews, with Dalinar Kholin notably refusing to make direct use of them. He instead makesmade use of large bridges on wheels, pulled by chulls. Due to being heavier and pulled by chulls instead of people, movement is significantly slower, but Dalinar makes use of it regardless as it results in a major reduction of casualties during plateau runs.{{book ref|sa1|26}}
 
==== Communication on the battlefield ====
Eventually, Sadeas' Bridge Crews were bought off of him by Dalinar for his Shardblade, who granted them freedom from slavery and promoted them to a battalion.{{book ref|sa1|69}}
On the battlefield, runners are used to give orders.{{book ref|sa1|65}} Many leaders give speeches to their troops, these speeches are then recorded by a number of scribes, who are always women, and repeated to the rest of the army.{{book ref|sa2|81}} Horns are used to signal certain commands.{{book ref|sa4|64}} Aside from this, when it is dark stormlight may also be used to give certain signals, such as the signal to attack.{{book ref|sa2|81}} The Alethi, like the other Rosharan militaries, have become incredibly dependent on spanreeds for communication. They use them to gather information about enemy movements and to spread commands.{{book ref|sa4|41}}
 
War banners are used to mark divisions, battalions and companies. This makes a battlefield easily surveyable for someone who understands the system.{{book ref|sa4|27}} Most high ranking brightlords have their own personal glyphpair, which, like the name suggests, is usually made up of two glyphs.{{book ref|sa1|28}} These glyphpairs are often painted on war banners, which ensures that particular brightlords are easy to find on a battlefield.{{book ref|sa1|67}} A red banner, which is usually attached to a spear or pole, serves as a call to the runners to carry the wounded off the field.{{book ref|sa1|1}} There is a symbol, which every Alethi recognises, to indicate a truce.{{book ref|sa3|76}}
 
When the sound of battle is loud enough, a squadleader may decide to give his commands by banging his spear against his shield in a certain rhythm, with particular rhythms meaning particular commands.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Some troops, like a lighteyes’ personal guard, are trained to recognise certain arm gestures, which mean certain commands, such as to retreat.{{book ref|sa1|13}}{{book ref|sa1|28}}
 
==== Planning and army movement ====
After centuries of warfare the Alethi have become adept at effectively moving their armies around. While highstorms are a problem, good planning prevents an army from needing to be out during one, except in some rare cases, in which case the army will search for a lait to set up camp.{{book ref|sa3|19}}{{book ref|sa1|4}} If a campaign takes longer then anticipated, the army can split and retreat back to a number of close towns for shelter.{{book ref|sa3|19}} Due to highstorms, the Weeping is a common time for military campaigns.{{book ref|sa2|79}}
 
==== Soulcasters and supplies ====
Alethkar possesses numerous soulcasters, most of them are capable of creating materials such as grain or stone. In fact, Alethkar has a near monopoly on food making soulcasters.{{book ref|sa2|i|9}}{{book ref|Dawnshard|epilogue}} The existence of these Soulcasters enables the Alethi to raise and supply large armies that their logistics would not normally allow for, as it can be difficulty to travel in Alethkar, and the Alethi have poor supply line infrastructure.{{wob ref|3824}} Soulcasters are also used to supply the armies with wood, metal, and other necessities. Although despite their access to many soulcasters, small armies often have only one, to be used in emergencies only, this means that they still need to run supply trains.{{book ref|sa3|52}} The king controls most of the Soulcaster ardents; in fact, manipulating the highprinces with his Soulcasters is one of the ways that the king maintains a control over them.{{book ref|sa1|15}}
 
{{sidequote
|Plan every battle as if you will inevitably retreat, but fight every battle like there is no backing down.
|Highmarshal Halad{{book ref|sa3|29}}
|side=right|size=300px
}}
 
==== Warcamps ====
How a warcamp is organised and run depends greatly on the highprince. Some camps are organised and patrolled while others are chaotic and almost lawless.{{book ref|sa2|5}} Alethi warcamps are generally circular, with the camp followers in a ring on the outside, the mercenaries, if there are any, in a ring next to them, the citizen soldiers in the middle and the lighteyes in the very center.{{book ref|sa1|4}} Inside these rings the barracks, which are placed in rows, are arranged into circular patterns, with a meeting ground and a mess hall at the center of each battalion.{{book ref|sa1|26}} Barracks are often painted with the symbols of the platoons using them.{{book ref|sa2|2}} Some warcamps have wooden scouting towers, these towers are designed to be portable and mobile.{{book ref|sa3|26}} Many warcamps have a market, which is located in the camp followers' part of the camp. Most warcamps also have a number of barracks that allow for families, or married soldiers can rent a place in the market.{{book ref|sa2|46}}
 
The Alethi use latrines to collect their waste. These latrines are made up of a long sloping trough, which is covered with oiled and tarred wooden boards to seal in the scent, and a latrine house, which is always located on the high end of the latrine. The contents of these latrines are soulcast to smoke once every few months.{{book ref|sa1|28}}
 
Some warcamps have a building called a ‘warcenter’. This building, often made of wood, serves as the home of the general or high officer while on campaign. Warcenters are luxurious, decorated with trophies, rugs and more. Most warcenters are constructed of dozens of sturdy sections, which can be attached and deattached whenever the officer likes. These wooden parts are transported individually by [[chull]]s.{{book ref|sa1|51}}
 
=== Training ===
The way soldiers are trained depends on the princedom they’re from. In at least some princedoms it is seen as the squadleader’s or sergeant’s task to train new recruits. In the [[Sadeas princedom]], squadleaders are given six weeks to train a new cohort of recruits.{{book ref|sa1|49}} The Alethi are excellent soldiers, each individual is far better at single combat then any given Azish or Veden soldier. Besides their skill in combat, soldiers are usually trained in one or two additional skills, e.g. horse grooms.{{book ref|twok|28}} Soldiers are also trained to give a proper salute, which includes moving a hand to your breast.{{Book ref|sa2|75}}
 
Soldiers are trained in a specific order. Firstly, spearmen are taught a proper stance, only after that do they get trained in fighting. The first stance they learn is called the ‘elementary forward spear stance’. It takes about a week to learn the proper stances, although this is worth it as men who have learned the stances become better at fighting far quicker then those who don’t know the stances. After the second or third day of practice the men begin with resetting exercises, these exercises are meant to teach someone to revert to the proper stance without thinking.{book ref|sa1|49}} Sometime after this the recruits are taught how to move to avoid arrows, light on their feet and erratic, and a number of grappling moves.{{book ref|sa1|53}}
 
{{sidequote|There hasn’t been peace since the Tranquiline Halls, Man’s life on Roshar is conflict.|a quotation from [[The Arguments]]{{book ref|sa1|24}}|side=right|size =300px}}
 
==== Drills ====
The Alethi have a large number of drills to practice certain formations, movements and fighting in general.{{book ref|sa1|28}}
 
The ‘close order’ drill is an essential exercise to an army’s performance, although few outside the military appreciate its importance. There is also a drill called the ‘extended order’ drill, sometimes called the ‘extended combat’ drill, this drill focuses on practicing formations and movements used on the battlefield.{{book ref|sa1|28}}
 
==== Kata ====
The Alethi make use of a number of exercises called katas. A kata is meant to work the muscles, as well as practice basic stances and attacks. Katas are not meant to be practical; they are usually a lot more showier then useful. There is genuine skill required to properly perform a kata however, this skill is usually seen back in the speed, grace and smoothness of a kata.{{book ref|sa1|27}} Some people practice katas to calm themselves and relax.{{book ref|sa3|93}} There are both spear and sword katas, and likely for other weapons as well.{{book ref|sa1|27}}{{book ref|sa3|93}}
 
==== Shardbearer training ====
The Alethi military also relies on trained [[Shardwielding|Shardbearers]] to aid their regular soldiers. Due to their militaristic society, and the large amount of Shards they have, the Alethi have become excellent at training Shardbearers.
 
In most cases, lighteyed boys of appropriate rank around the age of ten are chosen by an ardent swordmaster for training.{{book ref|sa2|16}} These boys typically already have at least some training with the sword. The swordmaster teaches them the ten [[Stances|Shardblade Stances]] and familiarity with plate.{{book ref|sa2|44}} They train with Blades in two ways. If the trainee has no Blade of his own, they can make use of wooden practice swords that approximate the balance and weight of a real Blade. They may also borrow one of the King's Blades.{{book ref|sa2|16}} This tradition is one of the reasons the Alethi have the best trained Shardbearers on Roshar. Whenever a Shardbearer is killed or dies, there is always someone prepared to bond their Blade and use it right away. A swordmaster also coaches their student on how to control the Blade with their mind, commanding it to remain in place so it can be loaned to others.{{book ref|sa2|35}}
 
==== Training grounds ====
The Alethi soldiers train in specially designated buildings called training grounds. These buildings are split between those built for lighteyes and those built for darkeyes, although there is little difference between the actual buildings. The training grounds, or at least some of them, are run by [[Vorinism#priesthood|ardents]]. Training grounds all look fairly similar. They almost all have an open courtyard in the center, which is filled with a thick layer of sand. Bordering this courtyard is a raised walkway, which separates the courtyard from an outer building. This outer building wraps around most of the complex, leaving only the front open, which has a gate to enter the courtyard. The outer building is usually only a single room deep. Most men come to these complexes to train, but some also come to seek enjoyment.{{book ref|sa2|16}}
 
{{image|Practice Grounds.jpg|side=right|width=300px|A lighteyed Shardbearer on the Alethi practice grounds{{book ref|sa2|16}}}}
 
==== Punishments ====
The Alethi military also has a large number of punishments. Regular punishments, usually given by a squadleader, include menial duties and corporal punishment.{{book ref|sa3|91}}{{book ref|sa1|62}} A highprince can also choose to execute someone, or even leave them to the stormfather’s judgment, which includes tying them up and leaving them outside during a highstorm.{{book ref|sa1|34}} Officers can put people in a stockade.{{book ref|sa3|2}}
 
=== Fortifications ===
Alethkar contains many fortifications, spread roughly even throughout the nation due to inter-princedom warfare. These holdings serve as defenses, and let armies rest and hunker down for highstorms.{{book ref|sa3|19}} Soulcasters are used to build and supply fortifications.{{book ref|sa1|15}}{{book ref|sa3|19}} These fortifications are often equipped with ballistas and catapults, which are run by a crew of women because of Vorin ideas.{{book ref|sa3|11}} Some fortifications are built to withstand shardbearers. These fortifications have narrow corridors, or traps to make a Shardbearer fall a great distance.{{book ref|sa3|66}} Siege equipment is also used to defeat Shardbearers, specifically ballistas, nets to trap the Shardbearer,{{book ref|sa3|11}}{{book ref|sa3|71}} ropes and catapults.{{book ref|sa3|11}} Some fortifications also have men equipped with large poles to push shardbearers off the walls.{{book ref|sa3|71}}
 
<!----
Not sure where to put these:
* Alethi farmers sell their grain to merchants for unfairly cheap, who then bring it to cities at an immense markup. (SA1-27) [Probably in the economy section]
----!>
Major Chapters on the Alethi Military:
* SA1-27
----->
 
== Economy ==
 
=== Currency ===
As with many other nations on Roshar, their economy was based upon [[Spheres|glass spheres with cut polestones in their center]], known simply as spheres. In the mint, they check sphere weights in order to see if they fell into the proper categories.{{book ref|sa4|16}} The value of polestones, and thus the worth of sphere denominations in their economy, is based around the value of the substances a polestone can transmute another substance into.{{book ref|sa3|part=ars}}
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